变化中的世界秩序——引文与参考书目
阿登纳,康拉德,161,327
阿富汗,340,481
非洲,250
农业,31,261,298
阿里巴巴,431,433
联盟,99–100
艾利森,格雷厄姆,490
艾利森,约翰·摩尔,210
亚马逊,433
美国革命,199,282,284,303,304,333
美洲,1500 年,250
阿姆斯特丹证券交易所,275
蚂蚁集团,431
苹果,429
阿拉伯之春,481
阿根廷,116,187
亚里士多德,92,161
人工智能(AI),431,474–75
亚洲,256,424,454
1500 年,247–50
西方列强进入,262–63
资产冻结/扣押,209
艾德礼,克莱门特,322
紧缩政策,125
澳大利亚,323–24,424
奥地利,317
奥匈帝国,229,336
资产回报,226
专制政权,35,79,96,97,101,181,182,420
阿兹特克帝国,250,255
培根,弗朗西斯,255,260,295
资产负债表,105
阿姆斯特丹银行,273,276–77,283–87,288n
英格兰银行,295–96,300,311,311n,322
银行恐慌,335
银行,117
违约与救助,120
美国银行,335,344–45
Adenauer, Konrad, 161, 327 Afghanistan, 340, 481 Africa, 250 agriculture, 31, 261, 298 Alibaba, 431, 433 alliances, 99–100 Allison, Graham, 490 Allison, John Moore, 210 Amazon, 433 American Revolution, 199, 282, 284, 303, 304, 333 Americas, in 1500, 250 Amsterdam Stock Exchange, 275 Ant Group, 431 Apple, 429 Arab Spring, 481 Argentina, 116, 187 Aristotle, 92, 161 artificial intelligence (AI), 431, 474–75 Asia, 256, 424, 454 in 1500, 247–50 Western powers’ movement into, 262–63 asset freezes/seizures, 209 Attlee, Clement, 322 austerity, 125 Australia, 323–24, 424 Austria, 317 Austria-Hungary, 229, 336 asset returns in, 226 autocracies, 35, 79, 96, 97, 101, 181, 182, 420 Aztec Empire, 250, 255 Bacon, Francis, 255, 260, 295 balance sheets, 105 Bank of Amsterdam, 273, 276–77, 283–87, 288n Bank of England, 295–96, 300, 311, 311n, 322 bank panics, 335 banks, 117 defaults and bailouts of, 120 US, 335, 344–45
中央银行,120,146,219,311n,342,358,360
资产负债表,358–59
违约,120
控制经济,114–15
美联储,见美联储
利率,见利率
创造货币与信贷,89,106,108,113,114,118–25,136,143–44,146,218–19,223,343,355–56,358
储备货币份额,441
通用银行,301
巴伦,马丁,177
伯南克,本,360
拜登,乔,175,429,439
大周期,3–4,14,23–56,59,195,499,507–9
典型模式,43–44
衰退阶段,44,49–52,54
决定因素,见决定因素与动态
演进与,27–31,78
投资与,见大周期视角下的投资
按阶段量化评分,53–54
上升阶段,43–46,52,54
三个阶段,43–52
顶部阶段,43,46–48,52,54
理解,26–27
上升趋势与,31–37
财富与权力决定因素,41–43
财富与权力转移,38–41
另见外部秩序与失序周期;内部秩序与失序周期;货币、信贷、债务与经济活动周期
大数据,431
俾斯麦,奥托·冯,160,163–64,315,315n,317
黑死病,69
封锁,209
banks, central, 120, 146, 219, 311n, 342, 358, 360 balance sheets of, 358–59 defaults by, 120 economy controlled by, 114–15 Federal Reserve, see Federal Reserve interest rates and, see interest rates money and credit created by, 89, 106, 108, 113, 114, 118–25, 136, 143–44, 146, 218–19, 223, 343, 355–56, 358 shares of reserve currencies in, 441 Banque Générale, 301 Baron, Martin, 177 Bernanke, Ben, 360 Biden, Joe, 175, 429, 439 Big Cycle(s), 3–4, 14, 23–56, 59, 195, 499, 507–9 archetypical, 43–44 decline phase of, 44, 49–52, 54 determinants in, see determinants and dynamics evolution and, 27–31, 78 investing and, see investing in light of the Big Cycle quantitative scoring of measures by stage in, 53–54 rise phase of, 43–46, 52, 54 three phases of, 43–52 top phase of, 43, 46–48, 52, 54 understanding, 26–27 uptrend and, 31–37 wealth and power determinants in, 41–43 wealth and power shifts in, 38–41 see also external order and disorder cycle; internal order and disorder cycle; money, credit, debt, and economic activity cycle big data, 431 Bismarck, Otto von, 160, 163–64, 315, 315n, 317 Black Death, 69 blockades, 209
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债券,27,86,94,107,110,113,118–19,123,124,133,204,222,223,226n,233,253,284n,289,322,345,351,354,387,410,442n
英国债券,296
回收期,237–38
60/40 股债组合,234–35
收益率,236
图书出版,254,273,301
义和团运动,394
布雷迪,尼古拉斯,351
布雷迪计划,351
巴西,165
桥水基金,7,8n,17,108,200n,220,350,411,415
布雷顿森林体系,56,115,143,147,324,327,342
美元与,140,327,342,343,347
终结,140,346–49
英国,2,14,16,23,46–48,55,71,93,94,147,176,202,211,229,246,255,261,262,290,291–330,336,367,401,426
美国革命反抗,199,282,284,303,304
资产回报,224–25
英格兰银行,295–96,300,311,311n,322
中国与,300,309,372–73,393–95,406
内战,93,175,270n,294
条件与前景的计算机分析,538–40
衰落,320–30
竞争力下降,312–13
荷兰与,280,282–85,287,289,292,297–300
与荷兰的战争,146,147,281,282,286
教育,295
地缘政治对手的浮现,312,314–20
扩张,309,337,394
GDP,299,313,316
德国与,312,314,316,317
全球出口,310
光荣革命,282,294
关键决定因素指数,292
印度与,85,263,309n
工业革命,见工业革命
国际投资,310–12
发明,296–99,312–13
投资与,220–21
bonds, 27, 86, 94, 107, 110, 113, 118–19, 123, 124, 133, 204, 222, 223, 226n, 233, 253, 284n, 289, 322, 345, 351, 354, 387, 410, 442n British, 296 payback period for, 237–38 60/40 stock/bond portfolios, 234–35 yields of, 236 book publishing, 254, 273, 301 Boxer Rebellion, 394 Brady, Nicholas, 351 Brady Plan, 351 Brazil, 165 Bridgewater Associates, 7, 8n, 17, 108, 200n, 220, 350, 411, 415 Bretton Woods system, 56, 115, 143, 147, 324, 327, 342 dollar and, 140, 327, 342, 343, 347 end of, 140, 346–49 Britain, 2, 14, 16, 23, 46–48, 55, 71, 93, 94, 147, 176, 202, 211, 229, 246, 255, 261, 262, 290, 291–330, 336, 367, 401, 426 American Revolution against, 199, 282, 284, 303, 304 asset returns in, 224–25 Bank of England in, 295–96, 300, 311, 311n, 322 China and, 300, 309, 372–73, 393–95, 406 Civil War in, 93, 175, 270n, 294 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 538–40 decline of, 320–30 decline of competitiveness of, 312–13 Dutch and, 280, 282–85, 287, 289, 292, 297–300 Dutch wars with, 146, 147, 281, 282, 286 education in, 295 emergence of geopolitical rivals to, 312, 314–20 expansion of, 309, 337, 394 GDP of, 299, 313, 316 Germany and, 312, 314, 316, 317 global exports of, 310 Glorious Revolution in, 282, 294 index of key determinants in, 292 India and, 85, 263, 309n Industrial Revolution in, see Industrial Revolution international investments of, 310–12 inventions in, 296–99, 312–13 investing and, 220–21
工党,314
伦敦,46,282,292,300,322,335
军事实力,299–300
拿破仑与,262
鸦片战争,257,300,309,372–73,377,394
议会,93,294–95
不列颠治世,262
鼎盛时期,308–20
帝国相对地位,38–40
崛起,291,293–309,394
苏伊士运河,436
税收,295
失业率与央行资产负债表,358
美国贷款给,322
维多利亚时代,163
财富差距,313–14
第二次世界大战,140,146,176,211,214,319,320,338
英国东印度公司,85,289,309n,394
英镑,14,108,132,311,444,478
央行储备平均份额,326
危机年份与贬值,322–26
衰落,320–21
汇率,287–88
作为储备货币,146,147,287,290,292,300,309,310,320–21,436
布罗考,汤姆,37
保加利亚,336
官僚体制,152–57,160–62,173–74
商业周期(短期债务周期),112,114–15,501,502
购买力,84,107,109,144–45,223,237
奥古斯都·凯撒,160,162
资本主义,5,32,35,49,95,97–98,113,138,175,221,319,334,336,352,395–98,452,469
中国,45,79,97,349,382,398,405,406,417,420
周期,221–23
发明,30,44,94,259–60,275,279
毛泽东的看法,395
2008–2020 货币融资的资本主义繁荣,355–60
资本市场,71–72
资本战争,194–95,426,486
美国与中国之间,440–46,487,490
Labour Party in, 314 London, 46, 282, 292, 300, 322, 335 military strength of, 299–300 Napoleon and, 262 in Opium Wars, 257, 300, 309, 372–73, 377, 394 Parliament in, 93, 294–95 Pax Britannica and, 262 peak of, 308–20 in relative standing of empires, 38–40 rise of, 291, 293–309, 394 Suez Canal and, 436 taxes in, 295 unemployment rate and central bank balance sheet of, 358 US loan to, 322 Victorian Era in, 163 wealth gap in, 313–14 in World War II, 140, 146, 176, 211, 214, 319, 320, 338 British East India Company, 85, 289, 309n, 394 British pound, 14, 108, 132, 311, 444, 478 average share in central bank reserves, 326 crisis years and devaluation of, 322–26 decline in, 320–21 exchange rates of, 287–88 as reserve currency, 146, 147, 287, 290, 292, 300, 309, 310, 320–21, 436 Brokaw, Tom, 37 Bulgaria, 336 bureaucracies, 152–57, 160–62, 173–74 business cycle (short-term debt cycle), 112, 114–15, 501, 502 buying power, 84, 107, 109, 144–45, 223, 237 Caesar Augustus, 160, 162 capitalism, 5, 32, 35, 49, 95, 97–98, 113, 138, 175, 221, 319, 334, 336, 352, 395–98, 452, 469 in China, 45, 79, 97, 349, 382, 398, 405, 406, 417, 420 cycle of, 221–23 invention of, 30, 44, 94, 259–60, 275, 279 Mao’s view of, 395 2008–2020 money-financed capitalist boom, 355–60 capital markets, 71–72 capital wars, 194–95, 426, 486 between US and China, 440–46, 487, 490
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国会山骚乱,100
加勒比地区,284–85
卡特,吉米,349
现金,124
回收期,237–38
叶卡捷琳娜大帝,295
天主教会,246,259,268n,277–78
宗教改革与,258–59,269,270
因果关系,6–8,32,57,58,78,426,463
另见决定因素与动态
品格,37,44,70,216,510
查理一世,294
查理五世,267,270
蒋介石,210
智利,481
中国,1,10,11,14,23,30,45,46,50,72,89,132,202,206,229,245,256–57,263,265,291,353,363–422,497
美国人对中国的看法,455
资产回报,226
落后,407,420
商品与服务进出口平衡,353–54
一带一路倡议,400,419,434,437
义和团运动,394
英国与,300,309,372–73,393–95,406
资本主义,45,79,97,349,382,398,405,406,417,420
百年屈辱,196,263,300,372,395,406,434
内战,159,186,188,206,338,388,391,393–94,400,447
集体主义意识形态,383–84,448
共产党,34,159,264,349,398–400,403,417,419,420,435,451
条件与前景的计算机分析,518–20
儒家与新儒家哲学,248,254,364,368,377,380,382–83,390,397
宪法,406,419
新冠疫情,420,450,455
文化大革命,159,402–4,409
文化与行事方式,364,382–85,447–55
货币,见中国货币与货币体系
债务,415,416,445,479
Capitol, storming of, 100 Caribbean, 284–85 Carter, Jimmy, 349 cash, 124 payback period for, 237–38 Catherine the Great, 295 Catholic Church, 246, 259, 268n, 277–78 Reformation and, 258–59, 269, 270 cause/effect relationships, 6–8, 32, 57, 58, 78, 426, 463 see also determinants and dynamics character, 37, 44, 70, 216, 510 Charles I, 294 Charles V, 267, 270 Chiang Kai-shek, 210 Chile, 481 China, 1, 10, 11, 14, 23, 30, 45, 46, 50, 72, 89, 132, 202, 206, 229, 245, 256–57, 263, 265, 291, 353, 363–422, 497 Americans’ view of, 455 asset returns in, 226 backwardness of, 407, 420 balance of goods and services exports and imports of, 353–54 Belt and Road Initiative in, 400, 419, 434, 437 Boxer Rebellion in, 394 Britain and, 300, 309, 372–73, 393–95, 406 capitalism in, 45, 79, 97, 349, 382, 398, 405, 406, 417, 420 Century of Humiliation in, 196, 263, 300, 372, 395, 406, 434 civil war in, 159, 186, 188, 206, 338, 388, 391, 393–94, 400, 447 collective in ideology of, 383–84, 448 Communist Party in, 34, 159, 264, 349, 398–400, 403, 417, 419, 420, 435, 451 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 518–20 Confucian and Neo-Confucian philosophy in, 248, 254, 364, 368, 377, 380, 382–83, 390, 397 constitution of, 406, 419 COVID-19 pandemic in, 420, 450, 455 Cultural Revolution in, 159, 402–4, 409 culture and ways of operating in, 364, 382–85, 447–55 currencies in, see Chinese currencies and monetary system debt in, 415, 416, 445, 479
衰落,196,249,367,393–95
邓小平,161,164,348–49,353,364,367,381,398,399,405–9,411–13
东海与南海地区,418,434,446,447,503
经济与经济政策,367–68,380,381,385–93,400–403,405–17,428,430,447
教育,400,421–22,431–32
从 1800 年至今,393–422
与欧元区国家相比,329
探险,257
外交政策,418
四人帮,399,404,409
GDP,405
地理与地质,68,377–78,384
全球化与,408–10,414–15,418–19,437
商品生产,256,300,372,394
政府结构与决策,384,405–6,448
大跃进,402
历史,368–82
历史观,379,380
香港与,393,406,434,435,449,453
通货膨胀,391,400–402
影响力,438
创新,30,254,476
知识产权,428,432–33
内部秩序/失序周期,150,153,155,156,159–62,164,166,172,175,481
孤立主义,257,262,377,384,401,420
日本与,101,196,205,210,447
领导人选择,450–51
法家,380,382,383,397
中国制造 2025 计划,381,400,418
毛泽东,161,188,348,364,377,380,381,383,395,397–404,409,420,434
马克思列宁主义,380,382,383,395–98,405,417
实力衡量,365–67
军事哲学,384
军事实力,447,487–88
1949–1976 年,400–405
1978–2012 年,405–14
尼克松访华,404
decline of, 196, 249, 367, 393–95 Deng in, 161, 164, 348–49, 353, 364, 367, 381, 398, 399, 405–9, 411–13 East and South China Seas area and, 418, 434, 446, 447, 503 economy and economic policies of, 367–68, 380, 381, 385–93, 400–403, 405–17, 428, 430, 447 education in, 400, 421–22, 431–32 from 1800 until now, 393–422 Eurozone countries compared to, 329 exploration by, 257 foreign policy of, 418 Gang of Four in, 399, 404, 409 GDP of, 405 geography and geology of, 68, 377–78, 384 globalization and, 408–10, 414–15, 418–19, 437 goods produced by, 256, 300, 372, 394 government structure and decisionmaking in, 384, 405–6, 448 Great Leap Forward in, 402 history of, 368–82 history as viewed in, 379, 380 Hong Kong and, 393, 406, 434, 435, 449, 453 inflation in, 391, 400–402 influence of, 438 innovations in, 30, 254, 476 intellectual property and, 428, 432–33 internal order/disorder cycle in, 150, 153, 155, 156, 159–62, 164, 166, 172, 175, 481 isolationism of, 257, 262, 377, 384, 401, 420 Japan and, 101, 196, 205, 210, 447 leader choices in, 450–51 legalism in, 380, 382, 383, 397 Made in China 2025 plan of, 381, 400, 418 Mao in, 161, 188, 348, 364, 377, 380, 381, 383, 395, 397–404, 409, 420, 434 Marxism-Leninism in, 380, 382, 383, 395–98, 405, 417 measures of power of, 365–67 military philosophy in, 384 military strength of, 447, 487–88 in 1949–1976, 400–405 in 1978–2012, 405–14 Nixon’s visit to, 404
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中国(续)
开放,420–21
鸦片战争,257,300,309,372–73,377,394
鼎盛阶段,88
中国人民银行,400
中华人民共和国成立,388,400,401
政治局,406,408,415
政治周期,502
贫困,402,405,407,409,412
收回失地作为目标,406
帝国相对地位,38–40
崛起,353,367,398–422,489,496–97
俄罗斯与,439
苏联作为盟友,401,402
苏联作为敌人,402–4
刻板印象与媒体歪曲,365
证券交易执行委员会,408–9
接班危机,404–5
太平天国运动,373,393n
台湾与,197,198n,341,393,394,404,411–12,426,434–36,447,449,455,489,503
道教,380,382,383
技术进步,432,447
天安门事件,409
西方列强进入,262–63
作为世界大国,415–22
第二次世界大战,391
习近平,367–68,381,398,400,415–17,419–20,430,437
中国国际信托投资公司(CITIC),406–9
中美关系与战争,13,198n,201,209,341,358,363–65,399,404,410,414,416,418–19,423–59,486–90,501–3
资本战争,440–46,487,490
中国经济计划与,381
集体与个人,383–84,448
文化战争,447–55
邓小平与,399,405
冲突浮现,414–15
地缘政治战争,434–40,446–47,487,490
朝鲜战争与,401
领导层更迭与,439
领导层差异与,379–80
China (cont.) opening of, 420–21 in Opium Wars, 257, 300, 309, 372–73, 377, 394 peak health stage and, 88 People’s Bank of China in, 400 People’s Republic of China founded, 388, 400, 401 Politburo in, 406, 408, 415 political cycles in, 502 poverty in, 402, 405, 407, 409, 412 regaining of lost territories as goal of, 406 in relative standing of empires, 38–40 rise of, 353, 367, 398–422, 489, 496–97 Russia and, 439 Soviet Union as ally of, 401, 402 Soviet Union as enemy of, 402–4 stereotypes and media distortions about, 365 Stock Exchange Executive Council in, 408–9 succession crisis in, 404–5 Taiping Rebellion in, 373, 393n Taiwan and, 197, 198n, 341, 393, 394, 404, 411–12, 426, 434–36, 447, 449, 455, 489, 503 Taoism in, 380, 382, 383 technological advancement in, 432, 447 Tiananmen Square incident in, 409 Western powers’ movement into, 262–63 as world power, 415–22 World War II and, 391 Xi in, 367–68, 381, 398, 400, 415–17, 419–20, 430, 437 China International Trust Investment Corporation (CITIC), 406–9 China-United States relations and wars, 13, 198n, 201, 209, 341, 358, 363–65, 399, 404, 410, 414, 416, 418–19, 423–59, 486–90, 501–3 capital war, 440–46, 487, 490 China’s economic plans and, 381 and collective vs. individual, 383–84, 448 culture war, 447–55 Deng and, 399, 405 emergence of conflicts in, 414–15 geopolitical war, 434–40, 446–47, 487, 490 Korean War and, 401 leadership changes and, 439 leadership differences and, 379–80
中国制造 2025 计划与,381,400,418
军事战争,435,436,446–48,487–89
哲学差异与,380
美国与中国所处的位置,424–27
战争风险,379–80,455–56
制裁,440,441,443
台湾与,197,198n,341,393,394,404,411–12,426,434–37,447,449,455,489,503
技术战争,430–34,487,490
贸易/经济战争,427–30,487,490
美国对华债务,48,209,399,410,425
与自身之战,426,448,456–59
习近平与,400
周恩来与,404
中国货币与货币体系,136,138,139,385–93,445
美元与,391–92
黄金与,390–92
人民币,108,388,391,444–45
储备货币与,389,425,479
元,385,388
中国朝代,2,23,59,127,138,155,172,364,369,384,389,403,426
汉,369
明,74,156,166,247–48,249,257,371–72,376,377,388,390
自然灾害与,375,377
秦,368–69
清,156,263,372–73,376,377,390,391,393,394
宋,129,370–71,376,377,387–90
唐,23,74,160,162,172,364,369–70,386–87,390
典型周期,373–78
战争,384
夏,368
元,371,376,377,388
《中国的世界秩序》(费正清编),385n
丘吉尔,温斯顿,161,459
土木工程师,161
文明,44,510
内战,25,50,92,95,152–59,161,167,168,170,175,179,180,183–90,195,259,270,361
中国内战,159,186,188,206,338,388,391,393–94,400,447
英国内战,93,175,270n,294
Made in China 2025 plan and, 381, 400, 418 military war, 435, 436, 446–48, 487–89 philosophical differences and, 380 positions the Americans and Chinese are in, 424–27 risk of war in, 379–80, 455–56 sanctions and, 440, 441, 443 Taiwan and, 197, 198n, 341, 393, 394, 404, 411–12, 426, 434–37, 447, 449, 455, 489, 503 technology war, 430–34, 487, 490 trade/economic war, 427–30, 487, 490 US debt to China in, 48, 209, 399, 410, 425 and war with ourselves, 426, 448, 456–59 Xi and, 400 Zhou and, 404 Chinese currencies and monetary systems, 136, 138, 139, 385–93, 445 dollar and, 391–92 gold and, 390–92 renminbi, 108, 388, 391, 444–45 reserve currencies and, 389, 425, 479 yuan, 385, 388 Chinese dynasties, 2, 23, 59, 127, 138, 155, 172, 364, 369, 384, 389, 403, 426 Han, 369 Ming, 74, 156, 166, 247–48, 249, 257, 371–72, 376, 377, 388, 390 natural disasters and, 375, 377 Qin, 368–69 Qing, 156, 263, 372–73, 376, 377, 390, 391, 393, 394 Song, 129, 370–71, 376, 377, 387–90 Tang, 23, 74, 160, 162, 172, 364, 369–70, 386–87, 390 typical cycles of, 373–78 wars of, 384 Xia, 368 Yuan, 371, 376, 377, 388 Chinese World Order, The (Fairbank, ed.), 385n Churchill, Winston, 161, 459 civil engineers, 161 civility, 44, 510 civil wars, 25, 50, 92, 95, 152–59, 161, 167, 168, 170, 175, 179, 180, 183–90, 195, 259, 270, 361 in China, 159, 186, 188, 206, 338, 388, 391, 393–94, 400, 447 in England, 93, 175, 270n, 294
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 562
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 562
外国势力与,189
如何演变,187–90
西班牙内战,208
美国内战,136,138,160,183,334,335
另见革命
阶级区分,95–96
阶级斗争与战争,75–76,91–97,175
气候变化,491–94
克林顿,比尔,412
科尔贝,让-巴蒂斯特,301
殖民主义与探险,85,94,211,244,255–57,275,372
商业革命,251–53
共同市场,324
共产主义,32,35,79,97,176,185,324,343,348,352,397
中国,45,159,264,349,398–400,403,417,419,420,435,451
民主集中制与,398
发明,263–64
刻板印象,417
密西西比公司,302
世界主要国家条件与前景的计算机分析,513–57
中国,518–20
欧元区,522–24
法国,542–44
德国,526–28
印度,534–36
日本,530–32
荷兰,546–48
俄罗斯,550–52
西班牙,554–56
英国,538–40
美国,514–17
计算,431,474
人工智能(AI),431,474–75
量子,431,474–75,489
半导体,434
儒家与新儒家哲学,248,254,364,368,377,380,382–83,390,397
维也纳会议,262,307–8,314,318
消费者价格指数(CPI),144–45
哥白尼,尼古拉,260
成本竞争力,90,495,497,506
国家、王国与帝国,15–16
新冠疫情,2,34,56,103,107,113,122,123,126,171,352,353,358,420,450,453,455
foreign powers and, 189 how they transpire, 187–90 in Spain, 208 in US, 136, 138, 160, 183, 334, 335 see also revolutions class distinctions, 95–96 class struggles and warfare, 75–76, 91–97, 175 climate change, 491–94 Clinton, Bill, 412 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 301 colonialism and exploration, 85, 94, 211, 244, 255–57, 275, 372 Commercial Revolution, 251–53 Common Market, 324 communism, 32, 35, 79, 97, 176, 185, 324, 343, 348, 352, 397 in China, 45, 159, 264, 349, 398–400, 403, 417, 419, 420, 435, 451 democratic centralism and, 398 invention of, 263–64 stereotypes about, 417 Company of the West, 302 computer analysis of the conditions of, and prospects for, the world’s leading countries, 513–57 China, 518–20 Eurozone, 522–24 France, 542–44 Germany, 526–28 India, 534–36 Japan, 530–32 Netherlands, 546–48 Russia, 550–52 Spain, 554–56 United Kingdom, 538–40 United States, 514–17 computing, 431, 474 artificial intelligence (AI), 431, 474–75 quantum, 431, 474–75, 489 semiconductors, 434 Confucian and Neo-Confucian philosophy, 248, 254, 364, 368, 377, 380, 382–83, 390, 397 Congress of Vienna, 262, 307–8, 314, 318 consumer price index (CPI), 144–45 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 260 cost competitiveness, 90, 495, 497, 506 countries, kingdoms, and empires, 15–16 COVID-19 pandemic, 2, 34, 56, 103, 107, 113, 122, 123, 126, 171, 352, 353, 358, 420, 450, 453, 455
信贷,103,111,115,207,222,223
购买力 vs.,84
中央银行创造与控制,106,113,114,143–44,218–19
崩溃,34
新冠危机与,126
存量固定,106
基本原理,104–9
缺乏内在价值,110–11
货币与财富,111–16
再分配,125
另见债务;货币、信贷、债务与经济活动周期
克里米亚战争,309
《纯粹理性批判》(康德),379–80
克伦威尔,奥利弗,294
文化,73–74
文化战争,426
美国与中国之间,447–55
货币,12,14,124,276,390
体系崩溃,133
消亡,124,132
外币,127
金本位与,136
挂钩体系,117
真实价值,390
另见货币与货币体系;具体货币
储备货币,12,32,46–48,58,108–9,126,134,320,390,426,508
央行份额,441
中国与,389,425,479
定义,12
美元作为,12,331,334,343–45,352,410,440–45,478
未来与,477–80
黄金 vs.,134
荷兰盾作为,147,272,277,280–81,283,287
失去地位,145–47
英镑作为,146,147,287,290,292,300,309,310,320–21,436
权力,109
货币帝国,见帝国
货币价值,131–47,207
认知,131
贬值,111,119,124,125,132–36,145–47,172,233–35,342,445
相对黄金,134–44,146,147
相对商品与服务,144–45
储备货币地位与,145–47
credit, 103, 111, 115, 207, 222, 223 buying power vs., 84 central banks’ creation and control of, 106, 113, 114, 143–44, 218–19 collapse of, 34 coronavirus crisis and, 126 fixed amount in existence, 106 fundamentals of, 104–9 intrinsic value lacking in, 110–11 money and wealth and, 111–16 redistribution of, 125 see also debt; money, credit, debt, and economic activity cycle Crimean War, 309 Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 379–80 Cromwell, Oliver, 294 culture, 73–74 culture wars, 426 between US and China, 447–55 currency(ies), 12, 14, 124, 276, 390 breakdowns in systems of, 133 death of, 124, 132 foreign, 127 gold standard and, 136 linked systems of, 117 real value of, 390 see also money and monetary systems; specific currencies currency(ies), reserve, 12, 32, 46–48, 58, 108–9, 126, 134, 320, 390, 426, 508 central banks’ shares of, 441 China and, 389, 425, 479 defined, 12 dollar as, 12, 331, 334, 343–45, 352, 410, 440–45, 478 future and, 477–80 gold vs., 134 guilder as, 147, 272, 277, 280–81, 283, 287 losing status of, 145–47 pound as, 146, 147, 287, 290, 292, 300, 309, 310, 320–21, 436 power of, 109 currency empires, see empires currency values, 131–47, 207 awareness of, 131 devaluation, 111, 119, 124, 125, 132–36, 145–47, 172, 233–35, 342, 445 in relation to gold, 134–44, 146, 147 in relation to goods and services, 144–45 reserve currency status and, 145–47
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9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 563
周期,1–4,8,9,14,499
对齐,4
决定因素 vs.,63n
演进与,27–31,78
极端,4,26
未来,464,470–72,500–503
原因,36
上升趋势与,31–37
另见大周期;外部秩序与失序周期;内部秩序与失序周期;货币、信贷、债务与经济活动周期
达利奥,马特,411
丹瑞战争,281
丹东,乔治-雅克,187
数据收集,431
债务,56,89,105–7,110,111,115,132,172,233,337,342,343,345–46,508–9
资产与,118
信贷崩溃与,34
收益与,118
股权与,106,108
长期周期,114–30,133,233
货币化,123–24
储备货币与,12
重组,118,119,125,207,346,351
短期周期,112,114–15
另见信贷;货币、信贷、债务与经济活动周期
债务资产,118–19
堕落,173
衰落国家,89
通货紧缩,112,115,119,125,207,351–52
商品与服务需求,112,131
民主政体,5,35,50,79,96,97,101,177,181–82,199,319,383,397,420,450–51,469
民主党,356–57,482–83
邓小平,161,164,348–49,353,364,367,381,398,399,405–9,411–13
大萧条,37,69,112,196,470
通缩型,207,351–52
大萧条(1929–1933),4,7,34–37,103,202–3,205–7,318–19,337,350,354,464,465
笛卡尔,勒内,255
《注定一战》(艾利森),490
毁灭/重建时期,36–37
决定因素与动态,57–79,81–102,365,456,473,506–11
cycles, 1–4, 8, 9, 14, 499 alignment of, 4 determinants vs., 63n evolution and, 27–31, 78 extremes in, 4, 26 in future, 464, 470–72, 500–503 reasons for, 36 uptrend and, 31–37 see also Big Cycle; external order and disorder cycle; internal order and disorder cycle; money, credit, debt, and economic activity cycle Dalio, Matt, 411 Dano-Swedish War, 281 Danton, Georges-Jacques, 187 data collection, 431 debt, 56, 89, 105–7, 110, 111, 115, 132, 172, 233, 337, 342, 343, 345–46, 508–9 assets and, 118 credit collapse and, 34 earnings and, 118 equity and, 106, 108 long-term cycles of, 114–30, 133, 233 monetization of, 123–24 reserve currency and, 12 restructuring of, 118, 119, 125, 207, 346, 351 short-term cycles of, 112, 114–15 see also credit; money, credit, debt, and economic activity cycle debt assets, 118–19 decadence, 173 declining countries, 89 deflation, 112, 115, 119, 125, 207, 351–52 demand for goods and services, 112, 131 democracy(ies), 5, 35, 50, 79, 96, 97, 101, 177, 181–82, 199, 319, 383, 397, 420, 450–51, 469 Democrats, 356–57, 482–83 Deng Xiaoping, 161, 164, 348–49, 353, 364, 367, 381, 398, 399, 405–9, 411–13 depressions, 37, 69, 112, 196, 470 deflationary, 207, 351–52 Great Depression, 4, 7, 34–37, 103, 202–3, 205–7, 318–19, 337, 350, 354, 464, 465 Descartes, René, 255 Destined for War (Allison), 490 destruction/reconstruction periods, 36–37 determinants and dynamics, 57–79, 81–102, 365, 456, 473, 506–11
从历史中学习的能力,72
驱动国家内外和平/战争周期的权力平衡,77–78,99–102
大型跨代心理周期,72,85–89
资本市场,71–72
阶级斗争,75–76,91–97
文化,73–74
周期 vs.,63n
财富与权力驱动力,24–25,71,83–85,197
财富与权力的八项衡量指标,18,41–43,64,292,329,365–67,514
探险,67–78
偏重短期满足而非长期福祉,72–73,505
未来与,495–500
家谱,69
地理,68
地质与自然资源,68–70,509
人力资本,67,70–71
人性,最重要,71–73
继承,67–69
相互作用,62,65–66
创造力,73,89–91,473–76
领导力,74–75
需关注的主要动态清单,66
军事实力与和平/战争周期,78
自然灾害,见自然,行为
对全球思维的开放度,74
永动机模型中,57–62,78–79
政治左翼与右翼,10,76,97–99
囚徒困境与,76–77,198,199
自利,71,81–83
由文化塑造,73–75
由个体与群体互动方式塑造,75–78
价值观差距,12–13,56,75,127,164,509–10
财富差距,10–13,32,35,36,47,56,75,101,127,164,166,208,313–14,334,337,353,356,413–14,475,509–10
双赢 vs. 双输关系,77
另见大周期
决心,510
辩证唯物主义,396,397
数字革命,469
ability to learn from history, 72 balance of power that drives the peace/ war cycle within and between countries, 77–78, 99–102 big multigenerational psychological cycle, 72, 85–89 capital markets, 71–72 class struggles, 75–76, 91–97 culture, 73–74 cycles vs., 63n drive for wealth and power, 24–25, 71, 83–85, 197 eight measures of wealth and power, 18, 41–43, 64, 292, 329, 365–67, 514 exploration, 67–78 favoring short-term gratification over long-term well-being, 72–73, 505 future and, 495–500 genealogy, 69 geography, 68 geology and natural resources, 68–70, 509 human capital, 67, 70–71 human nature, most important, 71–73 inherited, 67–69 interactions of, 62, 65–66 inventiveness, 73, 89–91, 473–76 leadership as, 74–75 list of main dynamics to pay attention to, 66 military strength and the peace/war cycle, 78 natural disasters, see nature, acts of openness to global thinking, 74 in perpetual-motion machine model, 57–62, 78–79 political left and right, 10, 76, 97–99 prisoner’s dilemma and, 76–77, 198, 199 self-interest, 71, 81–83 shaped by culture, 73–75 shaped by how individuals and groups interact with each other, 75–78 values gaps, 12–13, 56, 75, 127, 164, 509–10 wealth gaps, 10–13, 32, 35, 36, 47, 56, 75, 101, 127, 164, 166, 208, 313–14, 334, 337, 353, 356, 413–14, 475, 509–10 win-win vs. lose-lose relationships, 77 see also Big Cycle determination, 510 dialectical materialism, 396, 397 Digital Revolution, 469
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 564
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失序,见外部秩序与失序周期;内部秩序与失序周期
迪斯雷利,本杰明,294
多元化,504–5
道奇计划,343,344
美元,108,115,116,127,132,140,146,147,346
崛起,334–37
布雷顿森林与,140,327,342,343,347
中国货币与,391–92
作为储备货币,12,331,334,343–45,352,410,440–45,478
德拉吉,马里奥,360
荷兰,2,14,23,39,44–47,55,71,94,211,261,264,291,367,426
轨迹,267
资产回报,226
阿姆斯特丹银行,273,276–77,283–87,288n
大周期兴衰,265–90
英国与,280,282–85,287,289,292,297–300
与英国战争,146,147,281,282,286
资本市场周期,275–77
条件与前景的计算机分析,546–48
货币价值,147
荷兰帝国衰落,284–90,292
教育,273,280
八十年战争,271–72,281
金融衰落,281,283
关键决定因素指数,266
发明,273–75,279–80
三十年战争后的世界新秩序,277–79
帝国相对地位,38–40
崛起,271–79
相对于其他大国的地位,279–80
鼎盛阶段,279–84,300
从西班牙/哈布斯堡帝国到荷兰帝国的过渡,265–71
战争,281–82
荷兰东印度公司,45,272,275–76,279,280,283,285–89
荷兰盾,265,272–73,276–77,280–81,283–84,287,478
汇率,287–88
作为储备货币,147,272,277,280–81,283,287
动态,见决定因素与动态
disorder, see external order and disorder cycle; internal order and disorder cycle Disraeli, Benjamin, 294 diversification, 504–5 Dodge Plan, 343, 344 dollar, 108, 115, 116, 127, 132, 140, 146, 147, 346 ascent of, 334–37 Bretton Woods and, 140, 327, 342, 343, 347 Chinese currency and, 391–92 as reserve currency, 12, 331, 334 343–45, 352, 410, 440–45, 478 Draghi, Mario, 360 Dutch, Netherlands, 2, 14, 23, 39, 44–47, 55, 71, 94, 211, 261, 264, 291, 367, 426 arc of, 267 asset returns and, 226 Bank of Amsterdam in, 273, 276–77, 283–87, 288n Big Cycle rise and decline of, 265–90 Britain and, 280, 282–85, 287, 289, 292, 297–300 British wars with, 146, 147, 281, 282, 286 capital markets cycle of, 275–77 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 546–48 currency values and, 147 decline of Dutch Empire, 284–90, 292 education of, 273, 280 in Eighty Years’ War, 271–72, 281 financial decline of, 281, 283 index of key determinants in, 266 inventions in, 273–75, 279–80 in new world order following the Thirty Years’ War, 277–79 in relative standing of empires, 38–40 rise of, 271–79 standing of, relative to other great powers, 279–80 top phase of, 279–84, 300 transition from Spanish/Habsburg Empire to Dutch Empire, 265–71 wars of, 281–82 Dutch East India Company, 45, 272, 275–76, 279, 280, 283, 285–89 Dutch guilder, 265, 272–73, 276–77, 280–81, 283–84, 287, 478 exchange rates of, 287–88 as reserve currency, 147, 272, 277, 280–81, 283, 287 dynamics, see determinants and dynamics
电子商务,431
经济活动周期,见货币、信贷、债务与经济活动周期
经济增长率,9–10
美国与中国之间,427–30
经济产出,507
经济,金融 vs. 实体,111–13,131
教育,506
英国,295
中国,400,421–22,431–32
荷兰,273,280
德国,315
识字率,248,273,295,301
STEM,421,431–32
大学,273,301,315,421
美国,331,334,344,421–22,431–32
平等主义,245
埃及,454
八十年战争,271–72,281
禁运,209,211
新兴国家
早期阶段,86
晚期阶段,87
帝国,3,5,14,23,56,58,244–45
典型兴衰,42
大周期兴衰,见大周期
财富与权力决定因素,41–43
伟大帝国的要素,44–46,456–58
1500 年,246–51
王国与国家与,15–16
相对地位,38–40
就业,344,353
失业,344,345,358–59
英格兰,见英国
启蒙运动,30,196,245,260–62,279,295,300–301
企业家,30,32,222
股权与债务,106,108
伊拉斯谟,255
欧元,328,443–44
欧洲,245,294,329,358,414,424,454
联盟,229
内外和平与冲突周期,195–96
1500 年,246–47
GDP,330
拿破仑与,262
竞争,317
e-commerce, 431 economic activity cycle, see money, credit, debt, and economic activity cycle economic growth rates, 9–10 between US and China, 427–30 economic output, 507 economy, financial vs. real, 111–13, 131 education, 506 in Britain, 295 in China, 400, 421–22, 431–32 Dutch, 273, 280 in Germany, 315 literacy, 248, 273, 295, 301 STEM, 421, 431–32 universities, 273, 301, 315, 421 in US, 331, 334, 344, 421–22, 431–32 egalitarianism, 245 Egypt, 454 Eighty Years’ War, 271–72, 281 embargoes, 209, 211 emerging countries early-stage, 86 late-stage, 87 empires, 3, 5, 14, 23, 56, 58, 244–45 archetypical rise and decline of, 42 Big Cycle of rise and decline of, see Big Cycle determinants of wealth and power in, 41–43 elements of a great empire, 44–46, 456–58 in 1500, 246–51 kingdoms and countries and, 15–16 relative standing of, 38–40 employment, 344, 353 unemployment, 344, 345, 358–59 England, see Britain Enlightenment, 30, 196, 245, 260–62, 279, 295, 300–301 entrepreneurs, 30, 32, 222 equity, and debt, 106, 108 Erasmus, 255 euro, 328, 443–44 Europe, 245, 294, 329, 358, 414, 424, 454 alliances in, 229 cycles of internal and external peace and conflict in, 195–96 in 1500, 246–47 GDP in, 330 Napoleon and, 262 rivalries in, 317
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9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 565
欧洲(续)
失业率与央行资产负债表,358
第二次世界大战后,326–28
欧洲中央银行,108
欧洲煤钢共同体,328
欧盟(EU),327–29,443–44
欧元区国家,108,329
条件与前景的计算机分析,522–24
演进,27–31,73,78,153,154
未来与,464–69,474
创造力与,474
探险与殖民主义,85,94,211,244,255–57,275,372
外部秩序与失序周期,13,26,27,62,64,193–216,502,511
欧洲,195–96
未来与,485–90
永恒与普遍的力量,197–201
第二次世界大战作为案例研究,201–15
另见战争
外部秩序,59–60
内部秩序与,193
法币,388
费正清,约翰,385n
法西斯主义,79,97,174,176,179,182,202,203,208,212,383
定义,205–6
美联储,103,108,123,138,169,207,208,336,337,343,346–50,354,355,356,358,360,442
斐迪南一世,270
法定货币,120–21,129–30,137,142,143,223,347,386–88,390–91,444
金融中心,508
伦敦,46,282,292,300,322,335
纽约,46,326,327,334,335,344
2008 年金融危机,8n,9,122,123,352,354,355,367,399,414,420
金融科技,431
第一次英荷战争,281
5G 技术,431
第四次英荷战争,146,147,282,286
法郎,132,140
法国,14,23,142,147,208,211,229,246,279,300–307,317,336
美国革命与,303,304
资产回报,226
通用银行,301
Europe (cont.) unemployment rate and central bank balance sheet of, 358 after World War II, 326–28 European Central Bank, 108 European Coal and Steel Community, 328 European Union (EU), 327–29, 443–44 Eurozone countries, 108, 329 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 522–24 evolution, 27–31, 73, 78, 153, 154 future and, 464–69, 474 inventiveness and, 474 exploration and colonialism, 85, 94, 211, 244, 255–57, 275, 372 external order and disorder cycle, 13, 26, 27, 62, 64, 193–216, 502, 511 in Europe, 195–96 future and, 485–90 timeless and universal forces in, 197–201 World War II as case study in, 201–15 see also wars external orders, 59–60 internal orders and, 193 fabi, 388 Fairbank, John, 385n fascism, 79, 97, 174, 176, 179, 182, 202, 203, 208, 212, 383 defined, 205–6 Federal Reserve, 103, 108, 123, 138, 169, 207, 208, 336, 337, 343, 346–50, 354, 355, 356, 358, 360, 442 Ferdinand I, 270 fiat money, 120–21, 129–30, 137, 142, 143, 223, 347, 386–88, 390–91, 444 financial centers, 508 London, 46, 282, 292, 300, 322, 335 New York, 46, 326, 327, 334, 335, 344 financial crisis of 2008, 8n, 9, 122, 123, 352, 354, 355, 367, 399, 414, 420 fintech, 431 First Anglo-Dutch War, 281 5G technology, 431 Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, 146, 147, 282, 286 franc, 132, 140 France, 14, 23, 142, 147, 208, 211, 229, 246, 279, 300–307, 317, 336 American Revolution and, 303, 304 asset returns in, 226 Banque Générale in, 301
计算机对状况与前景的分析,542–44
货币与黄金之对比,306
三级会议,304
国内生产总值,304
德国与法国,317
通货膨胀,305
路易斯安那与法国,302
拿破仑在法国,160,161,262,293,305–7,308n
政治决策体制,304
恐怖统治,101,159,176,305
大革命,94,159,161,176,186–89,278,308n
第二帝国,187
17 世纪与 18 世纪,94
历次战争,302–3
宗教战争,270n
第二次世界大战期间,140,338
弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥,208
法荷战争,281
普法战争,317
未来,463–511
自然之力,491–94
通过研究过往来预判未来,5–8
周期与波折,464,470–72,500–503
应对已知与未知,503–5
债务/货币/资本市场/经济周期与未来,477–80
演进与未来,464–69,474
外部秩序与失序周期,485–90
国内生产总值增长预估,499–500
内部秩序与失序周期,480–85,501,502
创造力,473–76
全球主要决定因素,495–500
未来十年,499–503
质量指标,464,472–73
短期债务/货币/经济周期,501,502
极端不利情景,504
七国集团,349
二十国集团,415
伽利略·伽利雷,260
四人帮,399,404,409
比尔·盖茨,70
国内生产总值,467,507,508
computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 542–44 currency vs. gold in, 306 Estates General in, 304 GDP of, 304 Germany and, 317 inflation in, 305 Louisiana and, 302 Napoleon in, 160, 161, 262, 293, 305–7, 308n political decision-making system in, 304 Reign of Terror in, 101, 159, 176, 305 Revolution in, 94, 159, 161, 176, 186–89, 278, 308n Second Empire in, 187 in 17th and 18th centuries, 94 wars of, 302–3 Wars of Religion in, 270n in World War II, 140, 338 Franco, Francisco, 208 Franco-Dutch War, 281 Franco-Prussian War, 317 future, 463–511 acts of nature in, 491–94 anticipating, by studying the past, 5–8 cycles and bumps in, 464, 470–72, 500–503 dealing with what you know and what you don’t know, 503–5 debt/money/capital market/economic cycle and, 477–80 evolution and, 464–69, 474 external order and disorder cycle and, 485–90 GDP growth estimates for, 499–500 internal order and disorder cycle and, 480–85, 501, 502 inventiveness in, 473–76 major determinants across the world, 495–500 next ten years, 499–503 quality indicators of, 464, 472–73 short-term debt/money/economy cycle in, 501, 502 worst-case scenarios in, 504 G7 countries, 349 G20 countries, 415 Galileo Galilei, 260 Gang of Four, 399, 404, 409 Gates, Bill, 70 GDP, 467, 507, 508
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 566
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 566
英国,299、313、316
资本主义与,260
中国,405
欧洲国家,330
法国,304
德国,316、319
全球,156
未来十年增长预估,499–500
日本,319
过去 500 年,29–30、34
贫困国家,89
美国,207、345、347
第二次世界大战与,35
家谱学,69
通用汽车,429
代际心理周期,72,85–89
成吉思汗,162
地理,68
地质与自然资源,68–70,509
地缘政治战争,194–95、426、486、487
中美之间,434–40、446–47、490
德国,14、23、35、48、50、187、202、209、229、258–59、314–19、336、345、479
资产回报,224–25
英国与,312、314、316、317
条件与前景的计算机分析,526–28
货币与币值,132、136、140、142、143
大萧条,202–3、318
教育,315
法国与,317
国内秩序/失序周期,160、161、163–64
发明,315–16
制造业产出,316
军事,317
纳粹,175、179、327
纳粹,第二次世界大战期间,140、202–4、207–10、212、214、224、319、338
俄罗斯与,317
统一,314–15
魏玛共和国,116、127、129、139、182
第一次世界大战期间,202–3
镀金时代,36、221、263、336
格莱斯顿,威廉,163、294
of Britain, 299, 313, 316 capitalism and, 260 of China, 405 of European countries, 330 of France, 304 of Germany, 316, 319 global, 156 growth estimates for next ten years, 499–500 of Japan, 319 in last 500 years, 29–30, 34 in poor countries, 89 of US, 207, 345, 347 World War II and, 35 genealogy, 69 General Motors, 429 generational psychological cycle, 72, 85–89 Genghis Khan, 162 geography, 68 geology and natural resources, 68–70, 509 geopolitical wars, 194–95, 426, 486, 487 between US and China, 434–40, 446–47, 490 Germany, 14, 23, 35, 48, 50, 187, 202, 209, 229, 258–59, 314–19, 336, 345, 479 asset returns in, 224–25 Britain and, 312, 314, 316, 317 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 526–28 currencies and currency value in, 132, 136, 140, 142, 143 depression in, 202–3, 318 education in, 315 France and, 317 GDP of, 316, 319 internal order/disorder cycle in, 160, 161, 163–64 inventions in, 315–16 manufacturing output of, 316 military in, 317 Nazi, 175, 179, 327 Nazi, in World War II, 140, 202–4, 207–10, 212, 214, 224, 319, 338 Russia and, 317 unification of, 314–15 Weimar, 116, 127, 129, 139, 182 in World War I, 202–3 Gilded Age, 36, 221, 263, 336 Gladstone, William, 163, 294
全球化,74, 83, 352–53
中国与全球化,408–10, 414–15, 418–19, 437
全球变暖,491–94
光荣革命,282, 294
术语表,557
黄金,116, 117, 119–21, 124, 126, 127, 133,
214, 215, 222, 223, 324, 444
中国与黄金,390–92
货币价值与黄金,134–44, 146, 147
荷兰盾与英镑之间的汇率,287–88
法国货币与黄金的对比,306
60/40 股票/债券组合与黄金,234–35
政府
治理方式,205–6
官僚机构,152–57, 160–62, 173–74
中央政府,219
英国,见“英国”条目
大萧条,4, 7, 34–37, 103, 202–3,
205–7, 318–19, 337, 350, 354, 464, 465
希腊人,89, 253, 260
顾夫人,409, 411
荷兰盾,265, 272–73, 276–77, 280–81,
283–84, 287, 478
荷兰盾的汇率,287–88
作为储备货币,147, 272, 277,
280–81, 283, 287
海湾战争,340
“大炮与黄油”政策,121, 197, 345
哈布斯堡帝国,246, 255, 258, 277–79,
278n, 315
帝国的兴衰弧线,268
荷兰帝国与哈布斯堡帝国,265–71
汉朝,369
亨利三世,93
航海家亨利,255
历史,503
从历史中学习的能力,72
历史的周期,见“周期”条目
历史的“押韵”,18, 57
研究历史以预判未来,5–8
过去 500 年的历史,243–64
非洲的历史,250
革命时代,261–62
美洲的历史,250
亚洲的历史,247–50
资本主义的诞生,30, 44, 94, 259–60,
275, 279
商业革命,251–53
共产主义的诞生,263–64
平等主义与历史,245
globalization, 74, 83, 352–53 China and, 408–10, 414–15, 418–19, 437 global warming, 491–94 Glorious Revolution, 282, 294 glossary of terms, 557 gold, 116, 117, 119–21, 124, 126, 127, 133, 214, 215, 222, 223, 324, 444 China and, 390–92 currency values and, 134–44, 146, 147 exchange rates between guilder and pound and, 287–88 French currency vs., 306 60/40 stock/bond portfolios and, 234–35 government approaches to, 205–6 bureaucracies, 152–57, 160–62, 173–74 central, 219 Great Britain, see Britain Great Depression, 4, 7, 34–37, 103, 202–3, 205–7, 318–19, 337, 350, 354, 464, 465 Greeks, 89, 253, 260 Gu, Madame, 409, 411 guilder, 265, 272–73, 276–77, 280–81, 283–84, 287, 478 exchange rates of, 287–88 as reserve currency, 147, 272, 277, 280–81, 283, 287 Gulf Wars, 340 “guns and butter” policy, 121, 197, 345 Habsburg Empire, 246, 255, 258, 277–79, 278n, 315 arc of, 268 Dutch Empire and, 265–71 Han Dynasty, 369 Henry III, 93 Henry the Navigator, 255 history, 503 ability to learn from, 72 cycles in, see cycles “rhyming” of, 18, 57 studying, to anticipate the future, 5–8 history, last 500 years of, 243–64 Africa in, 250 Age of Revolutions in, 261–62 Americas in, 250 Asia in, 247–50 capitalism invented, 30, 44, 94, 259–60, 275, 279 Commercial Revolution in, 251–53 communism invented, 263–64 egalitarianism and, 245
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 567
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历史,近 500 年(续)
帝国时期,246–51
启蒙运动,30, 196, 245, 260–62, 279, 295, 300–301
欧洲,246–47
探索与殖民,85, 94, 211, 244, 255–57, 275
家族统治国家,244–45, 247
GDP,29–30, 34
工业革命,见“工业革命”
中东,250
拿破仑战争,196, 209, 262, 293, 306–7, 318, 320
宗教改革,258–59, 269, 270
文艺复兴,30, 196, 253–55
科学革命,30, 260
以及世界的“规模”,244
三十年战争,15, 196, 259, 270, 271, 277–79, 281, 294
西方列强进入亚洲,262–63
1500 年的世界,243–45
希特勒,阿道夫,203–4, 208–10
霍布斯鲍姆,埃里克,315n
神圣罗马帝国,246, 258, 267, 269, 270, 278
香港,393, 406, 434, 435, 449, 453, 481
洪武皇帝,371
住房,344
休斯敦火箭队,453
华为,431–33, 439
会子,387–88
胡锦涛,399, 406, 412
人权问题,454
意识形态,13, 24, 75, 98, 150, 160, 195, 210, 278, 294, 338, 357, 365, 401, 403
如果/那么陈述,7
国际货币基金组织(IMF),327, 438
切断进口,429–30
印加帝国,250, 255
损益表,105
印度,10, 14, 23, 153–54, 172, 250, 256, 262–63, 323–24, 414, 424, 447
英国与印度,85, 263, 309n
对印度状况与前景的计算机分析,534–36
莫卧儿帝国,85, 250, 263
1857 年起义,85
西方列强进入印度,262–63
history, last 500 years of, (cont.) empires in, 246–51 Enlightenment in, 30, 196, 245, 260–62, 279, 295, 300–301 Europe in, 246–47 exploration and colonialism in, 85, 94, 211, 244, 255–57, 275 family-run states in, 244–45, 247 GDP in, 29–30, 34 Industrial Revolution in, see Industrial Revolution Middle East in, 250 Napoleonic Wars in, 196, 209, 262, 293, 306–7, 318, 320 Reformation in, 258–59, 269, 270 Renaissance in, 30, 196, 253–55 Scientific Revolution in, 30, 260 and “size” of the world, 244 Thirty Years’ War in, 15, 196, 259, 270, 271, 277–79, 281, 294 Western powers’ movement into Asia in, 262–63 the world in 1500, 243–45 Hitler, Adolf, 203–4, 208–10 Hobsbawm, Eric, 315n Holy Roman Empire, 246, 258, 267, 269, 270, 278 Hong Kong, 393, 406, 434, 435, 449, 453, 481 Hongwu Emperor, 371 housing, 344 Houston Rockets, 453 Huawei, 431–33, 439 huizi, 387–88 Hu Jintao, 399, 406, 412 human rights issues, 454 ideology, 13, 24, 75, 98, 150, 160, 195, 210, 278, 294, 338, 357, 365, 401, 403 if/then statements, 7 IMF, 327, 438 imports, cutting off, 429–30 Incan Empire, 250, 255 income statements, 105 India, 10, 14, 23, 153–54, 172, 250, 256, 262–63, 323–24, 414, 424, 447 Britain and, 85, 263, 309n computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 534–36 Mughal Empire in, 85, 250, 263 Rebellion of 1857 in, 85 Western powers’ movement into, 262–63
工业革命,30–31、196、279、280、282、297–300、310
第一次工业革命,30、94、261、263、397
第二次工业革命,94、137、142、163、221、263、312、334、336
通货膨胀,112、115、119、124、133、144、218–19、237
在中国,391、400–402
在法国,305
在美国,345–49、351–52
基础设施,54、88、165–66、172、506–7
创新、创造力,336、337、476、494、506
在中国,30、254、476
作为决定因素,73、89–91、473–76
未来与,473–76
生产力与,90–91
另见技术
知识产权,428、432–33
利率,107、115、119、122、123、133、137、144、233、237、343、345、348、349、351–52、414
有息借贷,禁止,221–22
内部秩序与失序循环,12–13、26、27、50、62、64、149–91、201、509
新秩序的开端与新领导层巩固权力,152–60
在中国,150、153、155、156、159–62、164、166、172、175、481
其中的阶级斗争,76
演变,153、154
过度行为,152–57、165–66
其中的金融问题与激烈冲突,152–57、167–83
外国势力,188–89
未来与,480–85、501、502
国内生产总值与,156
和平,152–57、162–65
繁荣,152–57、160–66
其中的资源配置体系与政府官僚机构,152–57、160–62
六个阶段,151–90
在美国,150–51、153、158、160、161、163–65、167–71、174–75、182、183、360、481–85
另见内战;革命
内部秩序,59–60、78、105、149
与外部秩序,193
国际法院,438
Industrial Revolution, 30–31, 196, 279, 280, 282, 297–300, 310 First, 30, 94, 261, 263, 397 Second, 94, 137, 142, 163, 221, 263, 312, 334, 336 inflation, 112, 115, 119, 124, 133, 144, 218–19, 237 in China, 391, 400–402 in France, 305 in US, 345–49, 351–52 infrastructure, 54, 88, 165–66, 172, 506–7 innovation, inventiveness, 336, 337, 476, 494, 506 in China, 30, 254, 476 as determinant, 73, 89–91, 473–76 future and, 473–76 productivity and, 90–91 see also technology intellectual property, 428, 432–33 interest rates, 107, 115, 119, 122, 123, 133, 137, 144, 233, 237, 343, 345, 348, 349, 351–52, 414 lending with, prohibition of, 221–22 internal order and disorder cycle, 12–13, 26, 27, 50, 62, 64, 149–91, 201, 509 beginning of new order and new leadership’s consolidation of power in, 152–60 in China, 150, 153, 155, 156, 159–62, 164, 166, 172, 175, 481 class warfare in, 76 evolution of, 153, 154 excesses in, 152–57, 165–66 financial problems and intense conflict in, 152–57, 167–83 foreign powers in, 188–89 future and, 480–85, 501, 502 GDP and, 156 peace in, 152–57, 162–65 prosperity in, 152–57, 160–66 resource-allocation systems and government bureaucracies in, 152–57, 160–62 six stages of, 151–90 in US, 150–51, 153, 158, 160, 161, 163–65, 167–71, 174–75, 182, 183, 360, 481–85 see also civil wars; revolutions internal orders, 59–60, 78, 105, 149 external orders and, 193 International Court of Justice, 438
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国际秩序,参见外部秩序与失序周期;外部秩序;世界秩序
投资
其中的多元化配置,504–5
投资的目的,237
传统投资方法,220
在大周期视角下投资,217–38
各大强国的大类资产回报,224–26
充分多元化投资组合的构成要素,219–20
60/40 组合回撤期间的黄金回报,234–35
税收对滚动 20 年标普总回报的影响,232
利息风险与贬值风险,235
市场决定因素与投资,218
风险与投资,224
股市停市与投资,231
严格/收紧的资本管制与投资,230
财富没收时期与投资,229–30
主要国家投资者最糟糕的经历,227–28
伊朗,209,250,358,454
伊朗人质危机,348
以色列,454
意大利,132,182,187,202,222,244,319,336,338
意大利的大类资产回报,226
意大利的货币价值,136,140,142
日本,14,23,35,50,132,165,182,187,202,229,250,256,319,336,345,358,394,414,424
日本的大类资产回报,224–25
日本与中国,101,196,205,210,447
对日本状况与前景的计算机分析,530–32
日本的货币价值,136,138,140,142
日本的 GDP,319
日本的经济萧条,205
日本的孤立主义,257,262
日本的明治维新,161,172,185–86,263
日本的军事侵略,205,208,210–12
日本偷袭珍珠港,212,213
日本与台湾,394
日本的失业率与央行资产负债表,358
international order, see external order and disorder cycle; external orders; world orders investing diversification in, 504–5 purpose of, 237 traditional approach to, 220 investing in light of the Big Cycle, 217–38 asset returns across the great powers, 224–26 building blocks of a well-diversified portfolio, 219–20 gold returns during 60/40 drawdowns, 234–35 impact of taxes on rolling 20-year S&P total returns, 232 interest vs. devaluation risk, 235 market determinants and, 218 risk and, 224 stock market closures and, 231 strict/rising capital controls and, 230 wealth confiscation periods and, 229–30 worst investor experiences across major countries, 227–28 Iran, 209, 250, 358, 454 hostage crisis in, 348 Israel, 454 Italy, 132, 182, 187, 202, 222, 244, 319, 336, 338 asset returns in, 226 currency value and, 136, 140, 142 Japan, 14, 23, 35, 50, 132, 165, 182, 187, 202, 229, 250, 256, 319, 336, 345, 358, 394, 414, 424 asset returns in, 224–25 China and, 101, 196, 205, 210, 447 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 530–32 currency value and, 136, 138, 140, 142 GDP of, 319 depression in, 205 isolationism of, 257, 262 Meiji Restoration in, 161, 172, 185–86, 263 military aggression of, 205, 208, 210–12 Pearl Harbor attacked by, 212, 213 Taiwan and, 394 unemployment rate and central bank balance sheet of, 358
西方列强的扩张,262–63
第二次世界大战期间,202, 205, 208–14, 224, 319, 338, 343, 418, 429, 446
日元,108, 132, 444
犹太人,175, 203, 221
江泽民,399, 406, 412
冀朝铸,404
乔布斯,史蒂夫,70
约翰王,93
约翰逊,林登,164
禧年,128, 478
犹太-基督教哲学,380, 382, 435
康德,伊曼努尔,379–80
肯尼迪,约翰·F.,164
肯尼迪,保罗,248–49
赫鲁晓夫,尼基塔,402
王国,15–16, 244–45
基辛格,亨利,307, 403, 404
朝鲜,401
朝鲜战争,340, 401
忽必烈,371
三 K 党,179
工会,348, 349
拉法耶特侯爵,188
拉丁美洲,165, 347
劳,约翰,301–2
领导人,74–75, 101
选择领导人,79, 450–51
内战与革命中的领导人,189–90
领导人巩固权力,152–60
过度时期的领导人,166
国际联盟,139, 193–94, 203, 318, 340
李光耀,161, 164, 166, 364, 408
李登辉,411
法家思想,380, 382, 383, 397
《租借法案》,211
列宁,弗拉基米尔,188
预期寿命,29–30, 466, 475
林彪,403
识字率,248, 273, 295, 301
洛克,约翰,262
伦敦,46, 282, 292, 300, 322, 335
长期福祉与短期满足,72–73, 505
循环,396
双输关系,77, 199, 200
路易十三,278n
路易十四,166, 302
路易十六,304–5
Western powers’ movement into, 262–63 in World War II, 202, 205, 208–14, 224, 319, 338, 343, 418, 429, 446 Japanese yen, 108, 132, 444 Jews, 175, 203, 221 Jiang Zemin, 399, 406, 412 Ji Chaozhu, 404 Jobs, Steve, 70 John, King, 93 Johnson, Lyndon, 164 Jubilee years, 128, 478 Judeo-Christian philosophy, 380, 382, 435 Kant, Immanuel, 379–80 Kennedy, John F., 164 Kennedy, Paul, 248–49 Khrushchev, Nikita, 402 kingdoms, 15–16, 244–45 Kissinger, Henry, 307, 403, 404 Korea, 401 Korean War, 340, 401 Kublai Khan, 371 Ku Klux Klan, 179 labor unions, 348, 349 Lafayette, Marquis de, 188 Latin America, 165, 347 Law, John, 301–2 leaders, 74–75, 101 choosing, 79, 450–51 in civil wars and revolutions, 189–90 consolidation of power by, 152–60 in periods of excess, 166 League of Nations, 139, 193–94, 203, 318, 340 Lee Kuan Yew, 161, 164, 166, 364, 408 Lee Teng-hui, 411 legalism, 380, 382, 383, 397 Lend-Lease Act, 211 Lenin, Vladimir, 188 life expectancy, 29–30, 466, 475 Lin Biao, 403 literacy, 248, 273, 295, 301 Locke, John, 262 London, 46, 282, 292, 300, 322, 335 long-term well-being and short-term gratification, 72–73, 505 looping, 396 lose-lose relationships, 77, 199, 200 Louis XIII, 278n Louis XIV, 166, 302 Louis XVI, 304–5
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 569
9781982160272TEXT_BM.indd 569
罗贯中,480
路德,马丁,258,269–70
《马斯特里赫特条约》,328
麦克阿瑟,道格拉斯,401
澳门,406
马基雅维利,尼科洛,278n
《大宪章》,93
马来西亚,418
毛泽东,161,188,348,364,377,380,381,383,395,397–404,409,420,434
马拉,让-保罗,187
玛丽·安托瓦内特,304
马歇尔计划,343,344,419
马克思,卡尔,380
马克思列宁主义在中国,380,382,383,395–98,405,417
玛丽二世,282
麦考密克,戴维,415
媒体,176–78,365
美第奇家族,222,253–54
墨西哥,250,256,350
中东,250,418,436,454
军事实力,78,299–300,447,487–88,507–8
明朝,74,156,166,247–48,249,257,371–72,376,377,388,390
密西西比公司,302
货币、信贷、债务与经济活动的周期,9,26,27,34,62,64,103–30,201,223
货币的定义,109–11
货币与信贷的基本原理,104–9
未来与上述关系,477–80
长期债务与资本市场,11–12
长期债务周期,114–30,133,233
货币、信贷与财富,111–16
短期债务周期,112,114–15,501,502
货币与货币体系,4–6,103,133,354–55
布雷顿森林体系,见“布雷顿森林体系”条目
购买力与之的对比,84
现金,124
货币的创造与控制,89,106,108,113,118–25,132–33,136,143–44,146,172,207,218–19,223,233,343,355–56,358
Luo Guanzhong, 480 Luther, Martin, 258, 269–70 Maastricht Treaty, 328 MacArthur, Douglas, 401 Macau, 406 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 278n Magna Carta, 93 Malaysia, 418 Mao Zedong, 161, 188, 348, 364, 377, 380, 381, 383, 395, 397–404, 409, 420, 434 Marat, Jean-Paul, 187 Marie Antoinette, 304 Marshall Plan, 343, 344, 419 Marx, Karl, 380 Marxism-Leninism in China, 380, 382, 383, 395–98, 405, 417 Mary II, 282 McCormick, David, 415 media, 176–78, 365 Medici family, 222, 253–54 Mexico, 250, 256, 350 Middle East, 250, 418, 436, 454 military strength, 78, 299–300, 447, 487– 88, 507–8 Ming Dynasty, 74, 156, 166, 247–48, 249, 257, 371–72, 376, 377, 388, 390 Mississippi Company, 302 money, credit, debt, and economic activity cycle, 9, 26, 27, 34, 62, 64, 103–30, 201, 223 and definition of money, 109–11 fundamentals of money and credit in, 104–9 future and, 477–80 long-term debt and capital markets in, 11–12 long-term debt cycles in, 114–30, 133, 233 money, credit, and wealth in, 111–16 short-term debt cycles in, 112, 114–15, 501, 502 money and monetary systems, 4–6, 103, 133, 354–55 Bretton Woods, see Bretton Woods system buying power vs., 84 cash, 124 creation and control of, 89, 106, 108, 113, 118–25, 132–33, 136, 143–44, 146, 172, 207, 218–19, 223, 233, 343, 355–56, 358
信用与财富,111–16
定义,109–11
固定存在数量,106
基本原理,104–9
缺乏内在价值,110–11
作为交换媒介,109–10, 117
二战后,342–45
量化宽松与,13, 354
再分配,125
作为财富储藏,109–10, 117
第一类(硬通货),116–20, 126, 128–30, 386
第二类(纸币),117, 119–20, 129–30, 386–88, 390
第三类(法定货币),120–21, 129–30, 137, 142, 143, 223, 347, 386–88, 390–91, 444
价值,见货币价值
另见货币
蒙古人,40, 162, 371, 377
孟德斯鸠,262, 301
莫雷,达里尔,453
抵押贷款,106, 344, 347
跨代心理周期,72, 85–89
马斯克,埃隆,70
相互确保摧毁,100, 436, 488–90, 502
拿破仑,160, 161, 262, 293, 305–7, 308n
拿破仑战争,196, 209, 262, 293, 306–7, 318, 320
民族主义,83, 414
比利时国家银行,323
北约(北大西洋公约组织),326, 340
自然资源,68–70
自然,天灾,33, 35, 37, 62–63, 69, 207, 510–11
中国历代王朝与,375, 377
气候变化与,491–94
未来中的,491–94
另见流行病
纳粹德国,175, 179, 327
在第二次世界大战中,140, 202–4, 207–10, 212, 214, 224, 319, 338
NBA,453
尼禄,166
牛顿,艾萨克,260
新世界秩序,291, 326
术语的创造,318
维也纳会议与,262, 307–8, 318
三十年战争之后,259, 277–79
credit and wealth and, 111–16 definition of, 109–11 fixed amount in existence, 106 fundamentals of, 104–9 intrinsic value lacking in, 110–11 as medium of exchange, 109–10, 117 post–World War II, 342–45 quantitative easing and, 13, 354 redistribution of, 125 as storehold of wealth, 109–10, 117 Type 1 (hard), 116–20, 126, 128–30, 386 Type 2 (paper), 117, 119–20, 129–30, 386–88, 390 Type 3 (fiat), 120–21, 129–30, 137, 142, 143, 223, 347, 386–88, 390–91, 444 value of, see currency values see also currency Mongols, 40, 162, 371, 377 Montesquieu, 262, 301 Morey, Daryl, 453 mortgages, 106, 344, 347 multigenerational psychological cycle, 72, 85–89 Musk, Elon, 70 mutually assured destruction, 100, 436, 488–90, 502 Napoleon, 160, 161, 262, 293, 305–7, 308n Napoleonic Wars, 196, 209, 262, 293, 306–7, 318, 320 nationalism, 83, 414 National Bank of Belgium, 323 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 326, 340 natural resources, 68–70 nature, acts of, 33, 35, 37, 62–63, 69, 207, 510–11 Chinese dynasties and, 375, 377 climate change and, 491–94 in future, 491–94 see also pandemics Nazi Germany, 175, 179, 327 in World War II, 140, 202–4, 207–10, 212, 214, 224, 319, 338 NBA, 453 Nero, 166 Netherlands, see Dutch, Netherlands Newton, Isaac, 260 new world order(s), 291, 326 coining of term, 318 Congress of Vienna and, 262, 307–8, 318 after Thirty Years’ War, 259, 277–79
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第一次世界大战后,318,336,337
第二次世界大战后,36,56,103,140,
201,319,326–27,338
纽约,州,46,326,327,334,335,344
《纽约时报》,177
尼克松,理查德,6,121,140,346,348,360,
404
北大西洋公约组织(北约),326,340
朝鲜,401,447
核武器,340–41,488
奥卡西奥-科尔特斯,亚历山德里娅,175
石油,347,348,418,429
鸦片战争,257,300,309,372–73,377,
394
秩序与失序,见外部秩序与失序周期;内部秩序与失序周期
秩序,59–60,149
另见外部秩序与失序周期;外部秩序;内部秩序与失序周期;内部秩序;世界新秩序;世界秩序
《贸易条例》,301
奥斯曼帝国,40,247,250,251,270,
309,336
巴拿马,212
大流行病,2,33,69,470–71,491
新冠疫情,2,34,56,103,107,113,122,
123,126,171,352,353,358,420,450,
453,455
西班牙流感,36,139,318
1866 年恐慌,311n
1907 年恐慌,36,137
范式转变,469
巴黎和会,139,318,336
保尔森,汉克,415
和平,196,414,480
驱动国家内部及国家间和平/战争周期的力量平衡,
77–78,99–102
在内部秩序与失序周期中,152–57,162–65
军事实力与和平/战争周期,78
革命与和平,101–2
美国的和平时期,337,344
战争之后的和平,279
和平之后的财富与机会差距,101
after World War I, 318, 336, 337 after World War II, 36, 56, 103, 140, 201, 319, 326–27, 338 New York, N.Y., 46, 326, 327, 334, 335, 344 New York Times, 177 Nixon, Richard, 6, 121, 140, 346, 348, 360, 404 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 326, 340 North Korea, 401, 447 nuclear weapons, 340–41, 488 Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 175 oil, 347, 348, 418, 429 Opium Wars, 257, 300, 309, 372–73, 377, 394 order and disorder, see external order and disorder cycle; internal order and disorder cycle orders, 59–60, 149 see also external order and disorder cycle; external orders; internal order and disorder cycle; internal orders; new world order; world orders Ordinance of Trade, 301 Ottoman Empire, 40, 247, 250, 251, 270, 309, 336 Panama, 212 pandemics, 2, 33, 69, 470–71, 491 COVID, 2, 34, 56, 103, 107, 113, 122, 123, 126, 171, 352, 353, 358, 420, 450, 453, 455 Spanish flu, 36, 139, 318 Panic of 1866, 311n Panic of 1907, 36, 137 paradigm shifts, 469 Paris Peace Conference, 139, 318, 336 Paulson, Hank, 415 peace, 196, 414, 480 balance of power that drives the peace/ war cycle within and between countries, 77–78, 99–102 in internal order and disorder cycle, 152–57, 162–65 military strength and the peace/war cycle, 78 revolutions and, 101–2 US period of, 337, 344 wars followed by, 279 wealth and opportunity gaps following, 101
奥格斯堡和约,270
威斯特伐利亚和约,82n,259,277,281,294
健康高峰期国家,88
珍珠港,212,213
佩尔,罗伯特,294
贝隆,伊莎贝尔,187
永动机模型,57–62,78–79,150
佩里,马修,263
波斯,250
人格类型,9
秘鲁,256,481
皮尤调查,455,482
腓力二世,270–72
腓力三世,271
菲律宾,418
皮特,老威廉,294
皮特,小威廉,294
柏拉图,450
波兰,206,210
政治
左右分野,10,76,97–99,350,451–52
极化与极端主义,12–13,49,174–76,319,356–57,360–61,482–83
波罗,马可,256,388
世界人口,465–66
民粹主义,10,11,49,50,174–76,181,202,319,414
葡萄牙,94,244,255,256,276,406
英镑,14,108,132,311,444,478
央行储备中的平均份额,326
危机年份与贬值,322–26
衰落,320–21
汇率,287–88
作为储备货币,146,147,287,290,292,300,309,310,320–21,436
贫困
中国的贫困,402,405,407,409,412
人与国家贫穷,自认贫穷,85–86,89
人与国家更穷,仍自认富裕,88–89
人与国家富裕,却仍自认贫穷,86–87
Peace of Augsburg, 270 Peace of Westphalia, 82n, 259, 277, 281, 294 peak health countries, 88 Pearl Harbor, 212, 213 Pel, Robert, 294 Perón, Isabel, 187 perpetual-motion machine model, 57–62, 78–79, 150 Perry, Matthew, 263 Persia, 250 personality types, 9 Peru, 256, 481 Pew surveys, 455, 482 Philip II, 270–72 Philip III, 271 Philippines, 418 Pitt, William, the Elder, 294 Pitt, William, the Younger, 294 Plato, 450 Poland, 206, 210 politics left and right in, 10, 76, 97–99, 350, 451–52 polarization and extremism in, 12–13, 49, 174–76, 319, 356–57, 360–61, 482–83 Polo, Marco, 256, 388 population, world, 465–66 populism, 10, 11, 49, 50, 174–76, 181, 202, 319, 414 Portugal, 94, 244, 255, 256, 276, 406 pound, 14, 108, 132, 311, 444, 478 average share in central bank reserves, 326 crisis years and devaluation of, 322–26 decline in, 320–21 exchange rates of, 287–88 as reserve currency, 146, 147, 287, 290, 292, 300, 309, 310, 320–21, 436 poverty in China, 402, 405, 407, 409, 412 people and their countries are poor and think of themselves as poor, 85–86, 89 people and their countries are poorer and still think of themselves as rich, 88–89 people and their countries are rich but still think of themselves as poor, 86–87
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权力,92、94、96、103
联盟与权力,99–100
驱动国家内外和平/战争周期的权力平衡,77–78、99–102
大周期中的权力变迁,38–41
权力衰落与财富衰落,85
对权力的追求,24–25、71、83–85、197
衡量财富与权力的八项指标,18、41–43、64、292、329、365–67、514
胜利者之间的争斗,101
明智运用权力,200–201
拥有权力,200
“清零”状态与权力,101
储备货币与权力,109
软权力与硬权力,200
对权力的尊重,200
无需权力,201
战争决定胜负与权力归属,100
财富与权力,84–85
权力/清零周期,159–60
美国总统大选,502
2016 年大选,10、175、356、418
2020 年大选,100
事物的价格与事物的价值,113
《原则:生活与工作》(达利欧),200 注、396
《应对大债务危机的原则》(达利欧),119、125、130、139、207 注、354
印钞机,30、248、254、258、270、371 注
囚徒困境,76–77、198、199
生产力,28–32、73、90–92、172、298、312、337、346
创新与生产力,90–91
财富与生产力,84
进步时代,334
繁荣,196、337、414
内部秩序与混乱周期中的繁荣,152–57、160–66
美国的繁荣,337、344、345
新教,258–59、269、278
普鲁士,311、315
心理代际周期,72、85–89
出版业,254、273、301
购买力,84、107、109、144–45、223、237
秦朝,368–69
清朝,156、263、372–73、376、377、390、391、393、394
量化宽松,13、354
power, 92, 94, 96, 103 alliances and, 99–100 balance of power that drives the peace/ war cycle within and between countries, 77–78, 99–102 Big Cycle shifts in, 38–41 decline of, and decline of wealth, 85 drive for, 24–25, 71, 83–85, 197 eight measures of wealth and power, 18, 41–43, 64, 292, 329, 365–67, 514 and fighting among winners, 101 handling wisely, 200–201 having, 200 “purge” state and, 101 reserve currencies and, 109 soft and hard, 200 respect for, 200 unneeded, 201 and war to determine winners and losers, 100 wealth and, 84–85 power/purge periods, 159–60 presidential elections, US, 502 of 2016, 10, 175, 356, 418 of 2020, 100 prices of things vs. value of things, 113 Principles: Life and Work (Dalio), 200n, 396 Principles for Navigating Big Debt Crises (Dalio), 119, 125, 130, 139, 207n, 354 printing press, 30, 248, 254, 258, 270, 371n prisoner’s dilemma, 76–77, 198, 199 productivity, 28–32, 73, 90–92, 172, 298, 312, 337, 346 innovation and, 90–91 wealth and, 84 Progressive Era, 334 prosperity, 196, 337, 414 in internal order and disorder cycle, 152–57, 160–66 in US, 337, 344, 345 Protestantism, 258–59, 269, 278 Prussia, 311, 315 psychological multigenerational cycle, 72, 85–89 publishing industry, 254, 273, 301 purchasing power, 84, 107, 109, 144–45, 223, 237 Qin Dynasty, 368–69 Qing Dynasty, 156, 263, 372–73, 376, 377, 390, 391, 393, 394 quantitative easing, 13, 354
里根,罗纳德,349,352
再通胀,124
宗教改革,258–59,269,270
宗教,24,75,150,163,254,258,260,262,268n,269,270n,278,294,339
天主教会,246,259,268n,277–78
1500 年的宗教,245
犹太-基督教哲学,380,382,435
该哲学禁止有息借贷,221–22
新教,258–59,269,278
宗教改革与宗教,258–59,269,270
文艺复兴,30,196,253–55,260
人民币,108,388,391,444–45
共和党人,356–57,482–83
储备货币,见货币,储备
资源配置,160,510
革命,25,32,37,50,76,92,95,101–2,158–59,161,168,170,175,176,180,183,186,361,396
革命时代,261–62
美国革命,199,282,284,303,304,333
法国革命,94,159,161,176,186–89,278n,308n
俄国革命,159,184–86,188,206,318
革命如何发生,187–90
另见内战
黎塞留,红衣主教,278
《大国的兴衰》(肯尼迪著),248–49
咆哮的二十年代,34,36,103,139,318,337
罗伯斯庇尔,马克西米利安,187
《三国演义》(罗贯中著),480
罗马人,89,91n,127,160,162,166,172,182,252,253,260
荣毅仁,407
罗斯福,富兰克林·D.,35,50,103,160,207,211–12,343n,360
皇家学会,260
卢布,342
法治,294,295,308,316,415,509
俄罗斯,14,23,50,161,209,229,246–47,264,309,317,394,414,424,479
俄罗斯的资产回报,226
奥地利与俄罗斯,317
车臣共和国与俄罗斯,411
中国与俄罗斯,439
对俄罗斯状况与前景的计算机分析,550–52
德国与俄罗斯,317
俄罗斯的军事实力,487–88
Reagan, Ronald, 349, 352 reflation, 124 Reformation, 258–59, 269, 270 religion(s), 24, 75, 150, 163, 254, 258, 260, 262, 268n, 269, 270n, 278, 294, 339 Catholic Church, 246, 259, 268n, 277–78 in 1500, 245 Judeo-Christian philosophy, 380, 382, 435 lending with interest prohibited in, 221–22 Protestantism, 258–59, 269, 278 Reformation and, 258–59, 269, 270 Renaissance, 30, 196, 253–55, 260 renminbi, 108, 388, 391, 444–45 Republicans, 356–57, 482–83 reserve currencies, see currency, reserve resource allocation, 160, 510 revolutions, 25, 32, 37, 50, 76, 92, 95, 101–2, 158–59, 161, 168, 170, 175, 176, 180, 183, 186, 361, 396 Age of, 261–62 American, 199, 282, 284, 303, 304, 333 French, 94, 159, 161, 176, 186–89, 278n, 308n Russian, 159, 184–86, 188, 206, 318 how they transpire, 187–90 see also civil wars Richelieu, Cardinal, 278 Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, The (Kennedy), 248–49 Roaring ’20s, 34, 36, 103, 139, 318, 337 Robespierre, Maximilian, 187 Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Luo), 480 Romans, 89, 91n, 127, 160, 162, 166, 172, 182, 252, 253, 260 Rong Yiren, 407 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 35, 50, 103, 160, 207, 211–12, 343n, 360 Royal Society, 260 ruble, 342 rule of law, 294, 295, 308, 316, 415, 509 Russia, 14, 23, 50, 161, 209, 229, 246–47, 264, 309, 317, 394, 414, 424, 479 asset returns in, 226 Austria and, 317 Chechen Republic and, 411 China and, 439 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 550–52 Germany and, 317 military strength of, 487–88
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革命,159、184–86、188、206
美国对古巴制裁,443
制裁,209、213、440、441、443
桑德斯(Sanders, Bernie),175
沙特阿拉伯,454
申根协定(Schengen Agreement),328
施密特(Schmidt, Helmut),349
舒曼(Schuman, Robert),327–28
科学,245、295
科学革命,30、260
另见技术
东南亚条约组织(SEATO),340
第二次英荷战争,281
利己主义,71、81–83
自给自足,70
半导体,434
宁静祷文(Serenity Prayer),380
七年战争,303、304
莎士比亚(Shakespeare, William),255
短期满足与长期福祉,72–73、505
白银,116、117、120、121、126、136–39、214、222、223、256、271
中国与白银,385、388、390、391、394
新加坡,41、71、161、164、166、364、408、449
《60 分钟》,398
天花,69
亚当·斯密(Smith, Adam),261–62
斯姆特-霍利关税法(Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act),206、427
社会主义,95、97–98、398
宋朝,129、370–71、376、377、387–90
南美洲,250
东南亚条约组织(SEATO),340
苏联,161、185、187、202、206、352、401
苏联解体,352、488
中国作为苏联的盟友,401、402
中国作为苏联的敌人,402–4
苏联的核武器,340–41
苏联的红色恐怖,101
卢布,342
美国与苏联,13、101、197、326、338–42、403、438、488
苏联在第二次世界大战中,206–7、210、211、319
西班牙,50、94、132、182、186、187、202、246、255、268n、276、279、319
Revolution in, 159, 184–86, 188, 206, US sanctions against, 443 sanctions, 209, 213, 440, 441, 443 Sanders, Bernie, 175 Saudi Arabia, 454 Schengen Agreement, 328 Schmidt, Helmut, 349 Schuman, Robert, 327–28 science, 245, 295 Scientific Revolution, 30, 260 see also technology SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), 340 Second Anglo-Dutch War, 281 self-interest, 71, 81–83 self-sufficiency, 70 semiconductors, 434 Serenity Prayer, 380 Seven Years’ War, 303, 304 Shakespeare, William, 255 short-term gratification and long-term wellbeing, 72–73, 505 silver, 116, 117, 120, 121, 126, 136–39, 214, 222, 223, 256, 271 China and, 385, 388, 390, 391, 394 Singapore, 41, 71, 161, 164, 166, 364, 408, 449 60 Minutes, 398 smallpox, 69 Smith, Adam, 261–62 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, 206, 427 socialism, 95, 97–98, 398 Song Dynasty, 129, 370–71, 376, 377, 387–90 South America, 250 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 340 Soviet Union, 161, 185, 187, 202, 206, 352, 401 breakdown of, 352, 488 China as ally of, 401, 402 China as enemy of, 402–4 nuclear weapons of, 340–41 Red Terror in, 101 ruble in, 342 US and, 13, 101, 197, 326, 338–42, 403, 438, 488 in World War II, 206–7, 210, 211, 319 Spain, 50, 94, 132, 182, 186, 187, 202, 246, 255, 268n, 276, 279, 319
内战爆发于 208 年
对……状况及前景的计算机分析,554–56 页
货币价值与国际局势,136、138 页
八十年战争期间,271–72 页
其开展的探险活动,244 页
哈布斯堡帝国,参见“哈布斯堡帝国”条目
西班牙流感,36、139、318 页
西班牙价格革命,256、270 页
斯大林,约瑟夫,401、402 页
史汀生,亨利,211 页
证券交易所,首家,275 页
股市休市,231 页
股市崩盘,223 页
1929 年大崩盘,35、202、207 页
股票,6、94、110、113、121、124、126、131、132、134、137、138、222、223、226 注释、232、233、235、237、344、345、347、351、431、445 页
第二次世界大战与股票,214 页
苏伊士运河,436 页
供求关系,112、131 页
瑞士法郎,132、140 页
瑞士,41、71 页
叙利亚,481 页
太平天国运动,373、393 注释
台湾地区,197、198 注释、341、393、394、404、411–12、426、434–36、447、449、455、489、503 页
台积电,434 页
唐太宗,160、162、370 页
宋太祖,370 页
唐朝,23、74、160、162、172、364、369–70、386–87、390 页
道教,380、382、383 页
关税,206、429 页
《斯姆特–霍利关税法》,206、427 页
税收,125、127、138、170、174、207、224、295、334 页
对标普 500 指数滚动 20 年总回报的影响,232 页
对富人征税,207、208、334 页
技术,29、44、62、353、476、506 页
英国发明,296–99、312–13 页
荷兰发明,273–75、279–80 页
德国发明,315–16 页
工业革命,参见“工业革命”条目
知识产权与技术,428、432–33 页
Civil War in, 208 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 554–56 currency value and, 136, 138 in Eighty Years’ War, 271–72 exploration by, 244 Habsburg Empire and, see Habsburg Empire Spanish flu, 36, 139, 318 Spanish Price Revolution, 256, 270 Stalin, Joseph, 401, 402 Stimson, Henry, 211 stock exchange, first, 275 stock market closures, 231 stock market crashes, 223 of 1929, 35, 202, 207 stocks, 6, 94, 110, 113, 121, 124, 126, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 222, 223, 226n, 232, 233, 235, 237, 344, 345, 347, 351, 431, 445 World War II and, 214 Suez Canal, 436 supply and demand, 112, 131 Swiss franc, 132, 140 Switzerland, 41, 71 Syria, 481 Taiping Rebellion, 373, 393n Taiwan, 197, 198n, 341, 393, 394, 404, 411–12, 426, 434–36, 447, 449, 455, 489, 503 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, 434 Taizong, 160, 162, 370 Taizu, 370 Tang Dynasty, 23, 74, 160, 162, 172, 364, 369–70, 386–87, 390 Taoism, 380, 382, 383 tariffs, 206, 429 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, 206, 427 taxes, 125, 127, 138, 170, 174, 207, 224, 295, 334 impact on rolling 20-year S&P total returns, 232 on the rich, 207, 208, 334 technology, 29, 44, 62, 353, 476, 506 British inventions, 296–99, 312–13 Dutch inventions, 273–75, 279–80 German inventions, 315–16 Industrial Revolution, see Industrial Revolution intellectual property and, 428, 432–33
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技术,(续)
美国与,344、345、476 页
美国与中国之间的战争,430–34、487、490 页
战争,194–95、341、426、476、486 页
另见 创新、创造力
腾讯,431、433 页
特斯拉,70 页
撒切尔,玛格丽特,349 页
第三次英荷战争,281 页
三十年战争,15、196、259、270、271、277–79、281、294、318 页
天安门事件,409 页
西藏,435 页
“大而不倒”综合征,122 页
贸易,507 页
禁运与封锁,209、211 页
贸易战/经济战,194–95、426、486 页
美国与中国之间的,427–30、487、490 页
美国财政部,343 注释、351、415 页
《巴黎条约》,308 注释
《罗马条约》,328 页
《凡尔赛条约》,36、203、318、336 页
托洛茨基,列昂,188 页
杜鲁门,哈里,339 页
杜鲁门主义,339 页
特朗普,唐纳德,10、175、356–58、379、400、410、418、439、495 页
真相,丧失,176–78 页
technology, (cont.) US and, 344, 345, 476 war between US and China, 430–34, 487, 490 wars, 194–95, 341, 426, 476, 486 see also innovation, inventiveness Tencent, 431, 433 Tesla, 70 Thatcher, Margaret, 349 Third Anglo-Dutch War, 281 Thirty Years’ War, 15, 196, 259, 270, 271, 277–79, 281, 294, 318 Tiananmen Square incident, 409 Tibet, 435 “too big to fail” syndrome, 122 trade, 507 embargoes and blockades, 209, 211 trade/economic wars, 194–95, 426, 486 between US and China, 427–30, 487, 4 90 Treasury, US, 343n, 351, 415 Treaty of Paris, 308n Treaty of Rome, 328 Treaty of Versailles, 36, 203, 318, 336 Trotsky, Leon, 188 Truman, Harry, 339 Truman Doctrine, 339 Trump, Donald, 10, 175, 356–58, 379, 400, 410, 418, 439, 495 truth, loss of, 176–78
与欧元区国家相比,329 页
开国先贤,160、295 页
国内生产总值,207、345、347 页
地理,68 页
大萧条,206 页
历史观,379 页
关键决定因素指数,331–32 页
个人与阶级斗争,95 页
通货膨胀,345–49、351–52 页
影响力,438 页
内部秩序/失序周期,150–51、153、158、160、161、163–65、167–71、174–75、182、183、360、481–85 页
投资与,220–21 页
孤立主义,314、337 页
马歇尔计划,343、344、419 页
军事力量,341、487–88 页
纽约,46、326、327、334、335、344 页
1970 年代,345–49 页
1980 年代,349–52 页
1990–2008 年,352–55 页
2008–2020 年,355–60 页
核武器,340–41 页
和平时期,337、344 页
鼎盛阶段,88 页
政治极端主义,356–57、360–61 页
二战后对外援助,343、344、438 页
总统选举周期,502 页
2016 年总统大选,10、175、356、418 页
2020 年总统大选,100 页
繁荣,337、344、345 页
帝国相对地位,38–40 页
独立战争,199、282、284、303、304 页
崛起,333–38 页
苏联与,13、101、197、326、338–42、403、438、488 页
国会大厦骚乱,100 页
技术,344、345、476 页
鼎盛阶段,338–60 页
英国贷款,322 页
失业率与央行资产负债表,358 页
世界治理与影响力,56、87–88、435 注释
第一次世界大战中,336、343 页
第二次世界大战中,202、206–8、211–14、319、338、343、418、425–26、429、446 页
Eurozone countries compared to, 329 Founding Fathers of, 160, 295 GDP of, 207, 345, 347 geography of, 68 Great Depression in, 206 history as viewed in, 379 index of key determinants in, 331–32 individual and class struggles in, 95 inflation in, 345–49, 351–52 influence of, 438 internal order/disorder cycle in, 150–51, 153, 158, 160, 161, 163–65, 167–71, 174–75, 182, 183, 360, 481–85 investing and, 220–21 isolationism of, 314, 337 Marshall Plan of, 343, 344, 419 military strength of, 341, 487–88 New York, 46, 326, 327, 334, 335, 344 in 1970s, 345–49 in 1980s, 349–52 in 1990–2008, 352–55 in 2008–2020, 355–60 nuclear weapons of, 340–41 peace period of, 337, 344 peak health stage of, 88 political extremism in, 356–57, 360–61 post–World War II aid to countries from, 343, 344, 438 presidential election cycle in, 502 presidential election of 2016 in, 10, 175, 356, 418 presidential election of 2020 in, 100 prosperity in, 337, 344, 345 in relative standing of empires, 38–40 Revolutionary War, 199, 282, 284, 303, 304 rise of, 333–38 Soviet Union and, 13, 101, 197, 326, 338–42, 403, 438, 488 storming of the Capitol in, 100 technology in, 344, 345, 476 top phase of, 338–60 UK loan from, 322 unemployment rate and central bank balance sheet of, 358 world governance and influence of, 56, 87–88, 435n in World War I, 336, 343 in World War II, 202, 206–8, 211–14, 319, 338, 343, 418, 425–26, 429, 446
维吾尔人,435 页
英国,见 不列颠
联合国,193–94、326、340、401、418、438 页
美国,14、16、23、45、46、55、115、147、202、229、291、326、331–61、367、426、469、496 页
从 1750 年至今的轨迹,332–33 页
资本市场的崛起,334–37 页
资产回报,224–25 页
商品与服务进出口平衡,353–54 页
银行,335、344–45 页
内战,136、138、160、183、334、335 页
状况与前景的计算机分析,514–17 页
大周期中的当前位置,360–61 页
道奇计划,343、344 页
教育,331、334、344、421–22、431–32 页
Uighurs, 435 United Kingdom, see Britain United Nations, 193–94, 326, 340, 401, 418, 438 United States, 14, 16, 23, 45, 46, 55, 115, 147, 202, 229, 291, 326, 331–61, 367, 426, 469, 496 arc of, from 1750 to the present, 332–33 ascent of capital markets of, 334–37 asset returns in, 224–25 balance of goods and services exports and imports of, 353–54 banks in, 335, 344–45 Civil War in, 136, 138, 160, 183, 334, 335 computer analysis of the conditions of and prospects for, 514–17 current position in Big Cycle, 360–61 Dodge Plan of, 343, 344 education in, 331, 334, 344, 421–22, 431–32
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美中关系与战争,13、198 注释、201、209、341、358、363–65、399、404、410、414、416、418–19、423–59、486–90、501–3 页
资本战,440–46、487、490 页
中国的经济计划与,381 页
集体与个人,383–84、448 页
文化战,447–55 页
邓小平与,399、405 页
冲突的出现,414–15 页
地缘政治战,434–40、446–47、487、490 页
朝鲜战争与,401 页
领导层更迭与,439 页
领导层差异与,379–80 页
《中国制造 2025》计划与,381、400、418 页
军事战,435、436、446–48、487–89 页
哲学差异与,380 页
美国与中国所处的位置,424–27 页
战争风险,379–80、455–56 页
制裁与,440、441、443 页
台湾与,197、198 注释、341、393、394、404、411–12、426、434–37、447、449、455、489、503 页
技术战,430–34、487、490 页
贸易战/经济战,427–30、487、490 页
美国对华债务,48、209、399、410、425 页
与自我之战,426、448、456–59 页
习近平与,400 页
周恩来与,404 页
美元,108、115、116、127、132、140、146、147、346 页
崛起,334–37 页
布雷顿森林体系与,140、327、342、343、347 页
人民币与,391–92 页
作为储备货币,12、331、334、343–45、352、410、440–45、478 页
大学,273、301、315、421 页
事物的价值与事物的价格,113 页
价值观,47 页
差距,12–13、56、75、127、164、509–10 页
威尼斯,252–53 页
电子游戏,449 页
越南,418、447 页
越南战争,146、340、345、347、348、403、483 页
沃尔克,保罗,348、349、360 页
United States–China relations and wars, 13, 198n, 201, 209, 341, 358, 363–65, 399, 404, 410, 414, 416, 418–19, 423–59, 486–90, 501–3 capital war, 440–46, 487, 490 China’s economic plans and, 381 and collective vs. individual, 383–84, 448 culture war, 447–55 Deng and, 399, 405 emergence of conflicts in, 414–15 geopolitical war, 434–40, 446–47, 487, 490 Korean War and, 401 leadership changes and, 439 leadership differences and, 379–80 Made in China 2025 plan and, 381, 400, 418 military war, 435, 436, 446–48, 487–89 philosophical differences and, 380 positions the Americans and Chinese are in, 424–27 risk of war in, 379–80, 455–56 sanctions and, 440, 441, 443 Taiwan and, 197, 198n, 341, 393, 394, 404, 411–12, 426, 434–37, 447, 449, 455, 489, 503 technology war, 430–34, 487, 490 trade/economic war, 427–30, 487, 490 US debt to China in, 48, 209, 399, 410, 425 and war with ourselves, 426, 448, 456–59 Xi and, 400 Zhou and, 404 United States dollar, 108, 115, 116, 127, 132, 140, 146, 147, 346 ascent of, 334–37 Bretton Woods and, 140, 327, 342, 343, 347 Chinese currency and, 391–92 as reserve currency, 12, 331, 334 343–45, 352, 410, 440–45, 478 universities, 273, 301, 315, 421 value of things vs. prices of things, 113 values, 47 gaps in, 12–13, 56, 75, 127, 164, 509–10 Venice, 252–53 video games, 449 Vietnam, 418, 447 Vietnam War, 146, 340, 345, 347, 348, 403, 483 Volcker, Paul, 348, 349, 360
《华尔街日报》,177 页
王力,408 页
王岐山,383、408 页
万历皇帝,166 页
奥地利王位继承战争,303 页
奥格斯堡同盟战争,302 页
西班牙王位继承战争,302–3 页
沃伦,伊丽莎白,175 页
战争,32、35–37、51、69、480 页
同盟,99–100 页
驱动国家内部和国家间和平/战争周期的力量平衡,77–78、99–102 页
资本战,194–95、426、486 页
美中资本战,440–46、487、490 页
内战,见 内战
文化战,426 页
美中文化战,447–55 页
死亡人数,33、231、470–72 页
决定势均力敌双方胜负的战争,100 页
经济战术,209 页
战胜者之间的争斗,101 页
金融实力与,197 页
地缘政治战,194–95、426、486 页
美中地缘政治战,434–40、446–47、487、490 页
军事战(热战),194–97、208、426、486、487 页
美中军事战,435、436、446–48、487–89 页
军事实力与和平/战争周期,78 页
相互确保摧毁,100、436、488–90、502 页
与自我之战,426、448、456–59 页
战争之后的和平,279 页
囚徒困境与,76–77、198、199 页
“愚蠢的”战争,199 页
技术战,194–95、341、426、476、486 页
美中技术战,430–34、487、490 页
针锋相对的升级,199、379、455–56 页
贸易战/经济战,194–95、341、426、486 页
美中贸易战/经济战,427–30、487、490 页
战争类型,194–95、426、486 页
另见 外部秩序与失序周期
华沙条约组织,326、340 页
《华盛顿邮报》,177 页
水门事件,347、348 页
Wall Street Journal, 177 Wang Li, 408 Wang Qishan, 383, 408 Wanli Emperor, 166 War of the Austrian Succession, 303 War of the League of Augsburg, 302 War of the Spanish Succession, 302–3 Warren, Elizabeth, 175 wars, 32, 35–37, 51, 69, 480 alliances in, 99–100 balance of power that drives the peace/ war cycle within and between countries, 77–78, 99–102 capital, 194–95, 426, 486 capital, between US and China, 440–46, 487, 490 civil, see civil wars culture, 426 culture, between US and China, 447–55 deaths in, 33, 231, 470–72 to determine winners and losers between sides of equal powers, 100 economic tactics in, 209 fighting among winners of, 101 financial strength and, 197 geopolitical, 194–95, 426, 486 geopolitical, between US and China, 434–40, 446–47, 487, 490 military (shooting or hot wars), 194–97, 208, 426, 486, 487 military, between US and China, 435, 436, 446–48, 487–89 military strength and the peace/war cycle, 78 mutually assured destruction in, 100, 436, 488–90, 502 with ourselves, 426, 448, 456–59 peace following, 279 prisoner’s dilemma and, 76–77, 198, 199 “stupid,” 199 technology, 194–95, 341, 426, 476, 486 technology, between US and China, 430–34, 487, 490 tit-for-tat escalation in, 199, 379, 455–56 trade/economic, 194–95, 341, 426, 486 trade/economic, between US and China, 427–30, 487, 490 types of, 194–95, 426, 486 see also external order and disorder cycle Warsaw Pact, 326, 340 Washington Post, 177 Watergate scandal, 347, 348
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财富,92、94、96、103、470–71 页
大周期中的转变,38–41 页
作为购买力,84 页
没收时期,229–30 页
财富衰落与权力衰落,85 页
对财富的追逐,24–25、71、83–85、197 页
衡量财富与权力的八项指标,18、41–43、64、292、329、365–67、514 页
金融财富(承诺支付的),222 页
差距,10–13、32、35、36、47、56、75、101、127、164、166、208、313–14、334、337、353、356、413–14、475、509–10 页
货币与信贷,111–16 页
货币作为财富储存手段,109–10、117 页
人与国家变穷了却仍自认为富有,88–89 页
人与国家富有且自认为富有,87–88 页
人与国家富有但仍自认为贫穷,86–87 页
权力与,84–85 页
生产力与,84 页
实际人均,467 页
实际财富与金融财富,84、222 页
财富再分配,125、208、319 页
威廉二世,317 页
威廉三世,282、294 页
沉默者威廉,271–72 页
威尔逊,伍德罗,318 页
双赢关系,77、198、199 页
世界银行,327、438 页
世界卫生组织,438 页
世界秩序,59–60、78、105、149、291 页
另见 新世界秩序
世界贸易组织,340、353、409–10、427、438 页
第一次世界大战,100、136、138–39、144、176、195、196、202–3、210、220、224、317–18、327、336、379、436、447、465 页
死亡人数,318 页
战后新世界秩序,318、336、337 页
美国参战,336、343 页
战前岁月,229 页
第二次世界大战,4–5、34–37、39、100、101、103、115、122、143、136、195、196、220、224、319、320、327、337–38、447、464、465、487、488 页
wealth, 92, 94, 96, 103, 470–71 Big Cycle shifts in, 38–41 as buying power, 84 confiscation periods, 229–30 decline of, and decline of power, 85 drive for, 24–25, 71, 83–85, 197 eight measures of wealth and power, 18, 41–43, 64, 292, 329, 365–67, 514 financial (promises to deliver), 222 gaps in, 10–13, 32, 35, 36, 47, 56, 75, 101, 127, 164, 166, 208, 313–14, 334, 337, 353, 356, 413–14, 475, 509–10 money and credit and, 111–16 money as storehold of, 109–10, 117 people and their countries are poorer and still think of themselves as rich, 88–89 people and their countries are rich and think of themselves as rich, 87–88 people and their countries are rich but still think of themselves as poor, 86–87 power and, 84–85 productivity and, 84 real, per capita, 467 real, vs. financial, 84, 222 redistribution of, 125, 208, 319 Wilhelm II, 317 William III, 282, 294 William the Silent, 271–72 Wilson, Woodrow, 318 win-win relationships, 77, 198, 199 World Bank, 327, 438 World Health Organization, 438 world orders, 59–60, 78, 105, 149, 291 see also new world order World Trade Organization (WTO), 340, 353, 409–10, 427, 438 World War I, 100, 136, 138–39, 144, 176, 195, 196, 202–3, 210, 220, 224, 317– 18, 327, 336, 379, 436, 447, 465 deaths in, 318 new world order after, 318, 336, 337 US in, 336, 343 years leading up to, 229 World War II, 4–5, 34–37, 39, 100, 101, 103, 115, 122, 143, 136, 195, 196, 220, 224, 319, 320, 327, 337–38, 447, 464, 465, 487, 488
热战开始,209–12 页
英国在二战中,140、146、176、211、214、319、320、338 页
中国与,391、393 页
货币价值与,136、140、144 页
死亡人数,338 页
战时经济政策,212–15 页
战后的欧洲,326–28 页
作为外部秩序与失序周期案例研究,201–15 页
法国在二战中,140、338 页
战后的地缘政治与军事体系,338–42 页
德国在二战中,140、202–4、207–10、212、214、224、319、338 页
日本在二战中,202、205、208–14、224、319、338、343、418、429、446 页
战后的马歇尔计划与道奇计划,343、344 页
战后的货币与经济体系,342–45 页
战后新世界秩序,36、56、103、140、201、319、326–27、338 页
官方开战日期,208 页
太平洋战场,208、212、425–26 页
走向战争之路,202 页
珍珠港袭击,212、213 页
战后各大帝国的相对地位,338–39 页
苏联在二战中,206–7、210、211、319 页
战时的股票市场,214 页
美国在二战中,202、206–8、211–14、319、338、343、418、425–26、429、446 页
战后美国对外援助,343、344、438 页
第三次世界大战,447、488 页
夏朝,368 页
习近平,367–68、381、398、400、415–17、419–20、430、437 页
日元,108、132、444 页
永乐皇帝,257 页
人民币,385、388 页
元朝,371、376、377、388 页
郑和,257 页
周恩来,188、399、400、403、404 页
朱镕基,410、412 页
beginning of hot war in, 209–12 Britain in, 140, 146, 176, 211, 214, 319, 320, 338 China and, 391, 393 currency values and, 136, 140, 144 deaths in, 338 economic policies during, 212–15 Europe after, 326–28 as external order and disorder cycle case study, 201–15 France in, 140, 338 geopolitical and military system following, 338–42 Germany in, 140, 202–4, 207–10, 212, 214, 224, 319, 338 Japan in, 202, 205, 208–14, 224, 319, 338, 343, 418, 429, 446 Marshall and Dodge plans following, 343, 344 monetary and economic systems following, 342–45 new world order after, 36, 56, 103, 140, 201, 319, 326–27, 338 official starting dates in, 208 in Pacific, 208, 212, 425–26 path to, 202 Pearl Harbor attack in, 212, 213 relative standing of great empires following, 338–39 Soviet Union in, 206–7, 210, 211, 319 stock markets during, 214 US in, 202, 206–8, 211–14, 319, 338, 343, 418, 425–26, 429, 446 US aid to countries following, 343, 344, 438 World War III, 447, 488 Xia Dynasty, 368 Xi Jinping, 367–68, 381, 398, 400, 415–17, 419–20, 430, 437 yen, 108, 132, 444 Yongle Emperor, 257 yuan, 385, 388 Yuan Dynasty, 371, 376, 377, 388 Zheng He, 257 Zhou Enlai, 188, 399, 400, 403, 404 Zhu Rongji, 410, 412
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