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2020 (explicit) · memo · 原文约 1463 词

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Memo to:

Oaktree Clients

From:

Howard Marks

Re:

Not Enough

凡是直接影响一个人的，也会间接影响所有人。我若不能成为我应当成为的样子，你便永远无法成为你应当成为的样子。这就是现实相互关联的结构。（马丁·路德·金博士，1965 年）

正义不会得到伸张，除非那些未受影响的人，与那些深受其害的人一样感到愤慨。（本杰明·富兰克林，1750 年）

近几周，我们目睹了乔治·弗洛伊德被明尼阿波利斯一名警察杀害，该警察用膝盖压住他的脖子近九分钟，而另外三名警察站在一旁无所作为。我们还看到，和平抗议和暴力骚乱席卷了美国乃至世界各地的城市。

我们明白，乔治·弗洛伊德之死，是我们国家黑人及其他有色人种所遭受的众多触目惊心的不公正中的又一件。这一事件又添进了一长串不公正的清单：从警察的种族定性、骚扰、暴行和杀戮；到不成比例的上瘾、起诉、监禁和判刑比例；再到教育、就业、薪酬、医疗保健、安全社区、体面住房和财务保障方面的极端不平等；到每天不得不忍受令人沮丧的屈辱，以及为子女生命提心吊胆；再到最近因新冠疫情而高于平均水平的感染率和死亡率。

许多美国人正在发声，承认黑人的苦衷。社会、政府和商界领袖纷纷发表公开声明，以示支持。我也想加入他们的行列，表达我对现状的拒绝。

写这份备忘录让我很挣扎，也因此迟迟未能落笔。我不是社会评论家，我没有什么独到的见解可添，只有我作为人的良知。我当然不觉得我懂得解决方案，或是拥有实施它的手段。我怕自己显得道貌岸然，尤其怕说出什么让人感觉麻木不仁、居高临下或伤人的话。我心中怀有善念，也一直努力做一个善良、体贴、包容的人。但我现在明白，这还不够。

我发现上面列出的那些不公正相关的统计数据令人震惊，这是个人以及制度化种族主义的后果，可以一直追溯到奴隶制这一原罪。但在这些统计数据背后——无论它们多么令人不快——是数百万在受苦的个人。虽然民权运动在半个世纪前就已“获胜”，我们也一直在谈论种族领域的进步，但我们的社会仍然拒绝给许多人平等的机会。

那些被剥夺了优质教育的青少年，他们找不到值得期盼的东西，或者无法想象自己能够实现梦想。那些无法为家人提供食物和住所的母亲，她们只能带着悲伤、怨恨或愤怒，眼看着一个充满她们无法企及之物的世界。那些不得不跟孩子“谈话”的父亲，警告他们要向警察说“是，长官”，不要把手伸得太快，不要在夜里跑过街道。那些男人被拦下，然后被盘问——

Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be. This is the interrelated structure of reality. (Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 1965) Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are. (Benjamin Franklin, 1750) In recent weeks we have witnessed the killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis policeman who knelt on his neck for almost nine minutes while three others stood by doing nothing, and we have watched peaceful protests and violent riots take place in cities across America and around the world. We understand the death of George Floyd as one more of the glaring injustices suffered by black people and other people of color in our country. It adds to a long list of injustices ranging from profiling, harassment, brutality and killing at the hands of police; to disproportionate rates of addiction, prosecution, incarceration and sentencing; to highly unequal access to education, jobs, pay, health care, safe neighborhoods, decent housing and financial security; to having to live everyday with demoralizing indignities and fear for one’s children’s lives; and lately to above average rates of infection and fatality due to Covid-19. Many Americans are speaking out in recognition of the grievances of black people. Leaders of society, government and business have made public statements designed to show their support. I want to add my voice to theirs and express my rejection of the status quo. I’ve struggled to write this memo, and for that reason it’s late in coming. I’m not a social commentator, and I have little to add that is unique, only my humanity. I certainly don’t feel I know the solution or have the means to implement it. I’m afraid of coming across as holier-than-thou, and especially of saying something that anyone finds insensitive, patronizing or hurtful. I hold good thoughts in my heart and have always tried to be a good, thoughtful, inclusive person. But I now know that’s not enough. I find the statistics relating to the injustices listed above appalling, the result of individual as well as institutionalized racism going all the way back to the original sin of slavery. But behind the statistics – unpleasant as they are – are millions of individuals suffering. While the battle for civil rights was “won” a half-century ago, and we have talked about progress in the area of race, our society still denies equal opportunity to many. The teenagers denied a quality education, who can’t think of things to hope for or can’t imagine achieving their dreams. The mothers who can’t provide food and shelter for their families, and who have to look on with sadness, resentment or anger at a world full of things they’re denied. The fathers who have to have “the talk” with their children, warning them to “yes, sir” the police, not move their hands too fast and not run down the street at night. The men who are stopped and asked

2020 年，橡树资本管理有限合伙企业（Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.）

2020 Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.

他们为何走进高档社区。那些无法奢侈地通过社交隔离来保证安全，却不得不在与他人近距离接触的环境中工作，然后回到拥挤的住处、可能传染给子女或父母的工人。那些每天必须把孩子送出门、却无法确信他们能平安归来的父母。这些念头让我心碎。我深深同情每一个被迫在这样条件下生活的人。但我知道，光有感受还不够，我必须做更多。

我在备忘录里谈过，20 世纪后半叶有一股“让所有船只都浮起来的潮水”。那股潮水或许让国家富了起来，但并没有让国家里的所有人都富起来；相反，好处落到了某些人手里，其他人则一无所获。如今，经济潮水上涨的力道已大不如前，分配却更加不均；受过教育或拥有资本的人享有的优势被不断放大；结果的不平等已经到了让人无法再接受的地步——希望社会如此，那些分得较少的人肯定更是如此。我们很多人花了这么长时间才把这一点说清楚，实在惭愧。

如果仅仅因为某些人属于肤色或种族定义的群体，就被剥夺基本人权和机会，我们的国家不可能长久存续。今天是这样，当我们朝着一个少数族裔将成为多数的国家迈进时，更是如此。数以百万计的少数族裔成员，正承受着那种所谓“人性”的倾向——这当然是非人性的——之苦：总想找个比自己低的人来看不起，从而按种族、肤色或族裔建立一套等级。无论是出于历史原因、经济不安全感、成长环境、把“我们 vs 他们”当作组织原则的诱惑，还是他们自身的不幸或缺陷，许多人都试图通过压制或虐待他人来让自己好受些，或者至少在别人的苦难、匮乏和不平等生活面前无动于衷、漠不关心。最近几周的一个教训就是，我们绝不能容忍种族主义者造成的伤害。

人们说，应该“穿着别人的鞋子走一英里”。但我们做不到。像我这样幸运的人，可以随心所欲地思考不公与不平等，却无法体会那些受害者日复一日的悲伤、恐惧或愤怒。因为乔治·弗洛伊德之死引发的一系列事件，我和许多人对这些感受有了更深的理解。现在我相信，真相终将被看见，并且会有人采取行动——因为这是对的事，也因为人们越来越清楚地认识到，一个文明无法在人们生活质量悬殊过大的状态下长久维系。我们每个人都必须承诺，在铲除系统性种族主义、实现平等方面扮演积极的角色。

种族正义的理念，与近年来日益推动部分政治力量的普遍经济不平等担忧，是相辅相成的。我写过关于做大经济蛋糕的必要性，但这还不够。我们还必须修复蛋糕的分配方式。没错，自由市场在资源配置上确实做得更出色。但我们不能再接受如此悬殊的结果。少数人致富、其余人受苦，这不是我们的社会能接受的结果。我们必须着手解决公共教育质量低下、就业机会受阻、税收制度累进性不足等问题。经济理论中的自由市场必须适应现代生活，而有些程度的差距，就是不能接受。

橡树资本的创始人和高层管理团队一直致力于营造一个和谐的环境，一个共享机会与回报的环境，在这里等级观念很淡。我们热爱并珍视我们所有的

why they’re walking in upscale neighborhoods. The workers who don’t have the luxury of ensuring safety by socially isolating, but have to go to work in proximity to others and then come home to close quarters and possibly infect their children or parents. The parents who have to send their children out into the world each day without confidence that they’ll come back. These thoughts break my heart. I feel deeply for every individual forced to live under these conditions. But I know I must do more than simply feel. I have talked in my memos of the fact that in the latter half of the 20th century, there was an economic “tide that lifted all boats.” That tide may have enriched nations but not all people in those nations; instead, the benefits went to some but not others. Today the economic tide is no longer rising as strongly and the distribution is still more uneven; the advantages enjoyed by those with education or capital are being magnified; and the inequality of outcomes is simply no longer acceptable – hopefully to society and certainly to those getting less. It’s a shame that it has taken so long for many of us to articulate that. Our nation cannot endure for long if some people are denied basic human rights and opportunities simply because they belong to groups defined by color or race. This is true today and will become even truer as we move toward being a nation where the majority are members of minorities. Millions of minority group members suffer as a result of the supposedly “human” tendency – which certainly is inhuman – to search for someone to look down on and thus impose a hierarchy based on race, skin color or ethnicity. Whether for reasons of history, economic insecurity, upbringing, the attractiveness of us-versus-them as an organizing principle, or their own bad luck or shortcomings, many people try to make themselves feel better by subjugating or abusing others, or at a very minimum they are indifferent to and unmoved by the suffering, deprivation and unequal lives of others. One of the lessons of recent weeks is that we must not tolerate the damage done by racists. They say we should “walk a mile” in the shoes of others. And yet we can’t. Fortunate folks like me can think about injustice and inequality as much as we like, but we can’t live the constant sadness, fear or rage of those who are victimized by it. I and many others have come to understand those feelings more deeply because of the events surrounding the death of George Floyd. Now I believe the truth will finally be seen and something will be done about it – because it’s the right thing to do and because of the growing realization that a civilization cannot long endure with people living lives of excessively different quality. Each of us must commit to playing an active part in dismantling systemic racism and bringing about equality. The idea of racial justice goes hand-in-hand with the general concern over economic inequality that has increasingly motivated parts of the political spectrum in recent years. I’ve written about the need to grow the economic pie, but that’s not enough. We must also repair how the pie is divided. Yes, the free market does a technically superior job of allocating resources. But we must no longer accept outcomes that are so unequal. Enrichment of a few and suffering for the rest is not a workable outcome for our society. We must address things like the poor quality of public education, the impediments to access to jobs and the limited progressivity of the tax system. The free market of economic theory must be adapted for modern life, and there are degrees of disparity that just cannot be accepted. Oaktree’s founders and senior management have worked to create a harmonious environment and one of shared opportunity and reward, where there is little hierarchy. We love and treasure all of our

2020 年橡树资本管理有限合伙企业（Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.）

2020 Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.

同事们，我希望大家都能为他们着想，并为他们的成功感到欢欣鼓舞。但仅有想法和言辞是不够的，我们都必须加倍努力，拿出积极的解决方案。

2017 年，橡树资本将多年来非正式实施的多元化和包容性战略正式化，旨在扩大公司内女性和代表性不足专业人士的队伍。自那以来，我们的多元化与包容性委员会与其他员工团体合作，在公平、包容、导师制和偏见等方面启动了一系列招聘、发展和培训举措。但还有更多工作要做。

下周，我们将召开由代表性不足群体委员会牵头的会议，借此机会倾听员工心声，以便能够直接针对过去几周的事件实施相应计划，并确保橡树资本始终是一个让所有员工都能全身心投入工作的场所。在“我们的社区至关重要”这一社区参与和支持项目的旗帜下，我们还将启动一项慈善捐赠计划和特别配捐活动，以支持由员工提名的前线组织。而且，展望未来，我将投入大量个人精力和资源来对抗系统性种族主义。

所有美国人都必须将近期的事件视为行动的号召，并努力确保有色人种的平等。我承诺，橡树资本和我将响应这一号召，倾听、学习并采取行动。

colleagues and want the best for them, and we revel in their success. But thoughts and words are not enough. We all have to redouble our efforts and come up with active solutions. In 2017, Oaktree formalized what had been for many years an informal diversity and inclusion strategy intended to expand the population of women and underrepresented professionals at the firm. Since then our Diversity & Inclusion Council, in partnership with other employee groups, has launched a number of recruiting, development and training initiatives around equity, inclusion, mentorship and bias. But there is much more to do. Next week we will convene a meeting led by our Underrepresented Groups Council as an opportunity to listen to our employees so as to be in position to implement programs in direct response to the events of these past weeks and ensure that Oaktree remains a place where all employees feel they can bring their whole selves to work. Under the banner of Our Communities Matter, Oaktree’s program for community engagement and support, we will also launch a charitable giving program and special matching initiative to support front-line organizations nominated by our employees. And, moving forward, I will be devoting a significant amount of my personal energy and resources to combatting systemic racism. It is imperative that all Americans see the recent events as a call for action and work to ensure equality for people of color. I pledge that Oaktree and I will heed this call and listen, learn and act.

June 11, 2020

2020 年橡树资本管理有限合伙公司

2020 Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.