Wesco金融董事长致股东信2004(伯克希尔·哈撒韦官方镜像)
西科金融公司
致股东的信
各位股东:
2004 日历年度的合并净利润“经营利润”(即下表中实现的投资收益之前的数据)增至 4742.7 万美元(每股 6.66 美元),而上一年的数据为 3995.8 万美元(每股 5.61 美元)。同年合并净利润从前一年的 7471.1 万美元(每股 10.49 美元)降至 4742.7 万美元(每股 6.66 美元)。
西科拥有四家主要子公司:(1)西科金融保险公司(简称“Wes-FIC”),总部位于奥马哈,主要从事再保险业务;(2)堪萨斯银行家担保公司(简称“堪萨斯银行家”),由 Wes-FIC 全资控股,专注于为美国中西部银行提供定制化保险产品;(3)CORT 商业服务公司(简称“CORT”),总部位于弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯,主要从事家具租赁业务;(4)精密钢铁仓储公司(简称“精密钢铁”),总部位于芝加哥,从事钢铁仓储及特种金属产品业务。最近两个年度的合并净利润按如下方式分解(除每股数据外,金额单位均为千美元)(1):
| 年份 | 截至 2004 年 12 月 31 日 | 截至 2003 年 12 月 31 日 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 金额 | 每股 | 金额 | 每股(2) | |
| 西科 | (2) |
WESCO FINANCIAL CORPORATION LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS To Our Shareholders: Consolidated net ""operating'' income (i.e., before realized investment gains shown in the table below) for the calendar year 2004 increased to $47,427,000 ($6.66 per share) from $39,958,000 ($5.61 per share) in the previous year. Consolidated net income decreased to $47,427,000 ($6.66 per share) from $74,711,000 ($10.49 per share) in the previous year. Wesco has four major subsidiaries: (1) Wesco-Financial Insurance Company (""Wes-FIC''), headquartered in Omaha and engaged principally in the reinsurance business, (2) The Kansas Bankers Surety Company (""Kansas Bankers''), owned by Wes-FIC and specializing in insurance products tailored to midwestern banks, (3) CORT Business Services Corporation (""CORT''), headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia and engaged principally in the furniture rental business, and (4) Precision Steel Warehouse, Inc. (""Precision Steel''), headquartered in Chicago and engaged in the steel warehousing and specialty metal products businesses. Consolidated net income for the two years just ended breaks down as follows (in 000s except for pershare amounts)(1): Year Ended December 31, 2004 December 31, 2003 Per Per Wesco Wesco (2) Amount Share Amount Share(2)
经营利润:
西科金融与堪萨斯银行保险公司
承保业务 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
投资收益 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
CORT 家具租赁业务 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
精密钢铁业务 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
所有其他“正常”净经营利润(3) ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
已实现投资收益 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
西科合并净利润 ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Operating earnings: Wesco-Financial and Kansas Bankers insurance businesses Ì Underwriting ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Investment income ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ CORT furniture rental business ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Precision Steel businesses ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ All other ""normal'' net operating earnings(3) ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Realized investment gains ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Wesco consolidated net income ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$14,618
26,302
5,022
1,094
47,427
Ì
$47,427
$14,618 26,302 5,022 1,094 47,427 Ì $47,427
$2.05
3.69
.71
.15
.06
6.66
Ì
$6.66
$2.05 3.69 .71 .15 .06 6.66 Ì $6.66
$15,711
30,925
(6,257)
(860)
39,958
34,753
$74,711
$15,711 30,925 (6,257) (860) 39,958 34,753 $74,711
$ 2.21
4.34
(.88)
(.12)
.06
5.61
4.88
$10.49
$ 2.21 4.34 (.88) (.12) .06 5.61 4.88 $10.49
(1)
(1)
所有数字均为税后净额。
All Ñgures are net of income taxes.
(2)
(2)
每股数据基于 7,119,807 股流通股计算。西科金融没有稀释性股本等价物。
Per-share data are based on 7,119,807 shares outstanding. Wesco has had no dilutive capital stock equivalents.
(3)
(3)
代表西科金融总部办公楼的所有权收入——该楼主要出租给外部租户——以及保险子公司以外持有的现金等价物和有价证券的利息及股息收入,再减去利息及其他公司费用后的净额。
Represents income from ownership of the Wesco headquarters oÇce building, primarily leased to outside tenants, and interest and dividend income from cash equivalents and marketable securities owned outside the insurance subsidiaries, less interest and other corporate expenses.
下面这份补充盈利明细与遵循标准会计惯例的经审计财务报表略有不同。之所以提供这份补充明细,是因为我们认为它对股东具有参考价值。当然,上面列出的合并净利润总额与经审计财务报表中的总额完全一致。
This supplementary breakdown of earnings diÅers somewhat from that used in audited Ñnancial statements which follow standard accounting convention. The foregoing supplementary breakdown is furnished because it is considered useful to shareholders. The total consolidated net income shown above is, of course, identical to the total in our audited Ñnancial statements.
保险业务
保险业务的合并经营利润,是承保业绩与投资收益相加的结果。
以下是与所有保险业务相关的这些数据汇总(单位:千美元)。
截至 12 月 31 日的年度
2004 年
2003 年
Insurance Businesses Consolidated operating earnings from insurance businesses represent the combination of the results of their insurance underwriting with their investment income. Following is a summary of these Ñgures as they pertain to all insurance operations (in 000s). Year Ended December 31, 2004 2003
Premiums written ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Premiums written ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$45,042
$45,042
$ 86,962
$ 86,962
Premiums earned ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Premiums earned ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$54,589
$54,589
$106,651
$106,651
| 项目 | 金额 |
|---|---|
| 承保利润 | |
| 股息和利息收入 | |
| 税前利润 | |
| 所得税 | |
| 保险业务运营总收入 |
Underwriting gain ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Dividend and interest income ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Income before income taxes ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Income taxes ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Total operating income Ì insurance businesses ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$22,490
36,035
58,525
17,605
$40,920
$22,490 36,035 58,525 17,605 $40,920
$ 24,171
44,118
68,289
21,653
$ 46,636
$ 24,171 44,118 68,289 21,653 $ 46,636
$26,655
(2,342)
Ì
20,729
$45,042
$26,655 (2,342) Ì 20,729 $45,042
$ 36,652
30,390
19,850
$ 86,962
$ 36,652 30,390 19,850 $ 86,962
$27,944
6,244
20,372
$54,589
$27,944 6,244 20,372 $54,589
$ 44,316
42,021
20,195
$106,651
$ 44,316 42,021 20,195 $106,651
$11,144
3,474
14,618
$11,144 3,474 14,618
$ 11,158
4,553
15,711
$ 11,158 4,553 15,711
24,567
1,735
26,302
$40,920
24,567 1,735 26,302 $40,920
28,998
1,927
30,925
$ 46,636
28,998 1,927 30,925 $ 46,636
以下是保费收入明细(单位:千美元):
| 项目 | 金额 |
|---|---|
| Wes-FIC | |
| 航空险联营 | |
| 财产-意外险联营 | |
| 其他 | |
| 堪萨斯银行家保险 | |
| 保费收入 |
Following is a breakdown of premiums written (in 000s): Wes-FIC Ì Aviation pools ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Property-casualty poolÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ OtherÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas Bankers ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Premiums written ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
以下是已赚保费明细(单位:千美元):
Wes-FIC 公司
航空联合险
财产-意外险联合险
其他
堪萨斯银行家保险
已赚保费
Following is a breakdown of premiums earned (in 000s): Wes-FIC Ì Aviation pools ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Property-casualty poolÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ OtherÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas Bankers ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Premiums earned ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
以下是税后业绩细分(单位:千美元):
承保利润:
Wes-FIC
Kansas Bankers
净投资收益:
Wes-FIC
Kansas Bankers
保险业务总经营利润
Following is a breakdown of after-tax results (in 000s): Underwriting gain Ì Wes-FIC ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas Bankers ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Net investment income Ì Wes-FIC ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas Bankers ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Total operating income Ì insurance businesses ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
如上表所示,营业收入包括大量的净投资收益,即来自有价证券的股息和利息。然而,营业收入不包括 2003 年实现的 3480 万美元(税后)投资利得。2004 年没有实现投资利得或损失。下文将重点讨论保险承保业务,而非投资业绩。
Wes-FIC 从事再保险业务,偶尔承保罕见但可怕的“巨灾”损失风险。在我们出售的许多再保险业务中,伯克希尔的其他子公司已向同一客户、以相同条款出售了数倍于此的再保险。在某些情况下(并非总是如此),这些子公司从我们这里收取了一笔占保费收入 3% 的分出佣金,这笔保费收入通过它们流转给 Wes-FIC。除了这笔分出佣金,Wes-FIC 几乎没有保险获取成本或保险管理成本。在某些情况下,伯克希尔的其他子公司作为再保险人的层级高于 Wes-FIC 的再保险层级;Wes-FIC 认为这些再保险条款对其是公平或有利的。
过去几年,Wes-FIC 的再保险业务由参与两项安排构成:
(1)参与由伯克希尔·哈撒韦(我们拥有 80% 股权的母公司)旗下的一家保险子公司管理的四个风险池,涵盖与航空业相关的船壳险、责任险、工伤保险和卫星险,具体如下:对于 2001 年,每个风险池的参与比例为 3%,卫星险自 6 月 1 日起生效;对于 2002 年,船壳险和责任险风险池的参与比例增至 13%,8 月进一步增至 15.5%,工伤保险风险池参与比例为 3%(卫星险于 6 月未续保);对于 2003 年和 2004 年,仅参与船壳险和责任险风险池,比例为 10%。该伯克希尔子公司向这些航空风险池(因此也向 Wes-FIC)提供部分上层再保险保护,其条款可能导致在某些条件下(例如,在处理大额理赔时)该伯克希尔子公司的利益与 Wes-FIC 不同。
(2)一项于 2000 年通过另一家伯克希尔保险子公司(作为无利润中间人)签订的多年度合同,涵盖一家大型、非关联保险公司的某些多险种财产和意外风险。该合同于 2004 年第四季度被协议解除(终止),其时 Wes-FIC 向分出公司支付了 4310 万美元现金,相当于所有未赚保费减去未摊销成本及费用。解除后,Wes-FIC 在该合同下赔偿任何进一步保险损失的义务即告终止。在该合同下,2004 年的已赚保费净减少 230 万美元,而 2003 年的已赚保费为 3040 万美元;2004 年的已赚保费为 640 万美元,2003 年为 4200 万美元。
Wes-FIC 在 2004 年和 2003 年的承保业绩都异常出色,分别实现了 1460 万美元和 1570 万美元的承保利润。这种异常出色的业绩长期来看不可持续。需要指出的是,远在 2001 年,Wes-FIC 报告了 810 万美元的承保亏损。然而,我们确实力求在多年的平均结果中创造一些承保利润。
Kansas Bankers 由 Wes-FIC 于 1996 年以约 8000 万美元现金收购。其有形净资产现已超过收购价格,这是一次非常令人满意的收购,反映了总裁唐·托尔及其团队的稳健管理。
Kansas Bankers 成立于 1909 年,旨在为堪萨斯州的银行承保存款保险。其办公室位于堪萨斯州托皮卡。多年来,其服务不断适应银行业变化的需求。如今,其客户群主要由中小型社区银行组成,分布在 30 个州,主要位于中西部。除了为超过 FDIC 保险范围的存款提供银行存单担保债券外,KBS 还提供董事和高级职员赔偿保单、银行雇佣行为保单、银行保险代理人职业错误和遗漏赔偿保单以及网上银行灾难盗窃保险。
KBS 自 1998 年起增加了自留业务量。此前,它将近一半的保费收入分给再保险公司。现在它只分出约 14% 的保费。当然,自留业务量的增加伴随着收入流更大的不稳定性。
保险公司的综合成本率反映了其承保损失和费用占保费收入的比例。KBS 的综合成本率远优于保险公司平均水平,2004 年为 74.9%,2003 年为 65.0%。我们仍然预计,增加自留保险量将在长期内带来波动但有利的影响。
CORT 商业服务公司(“CORT”)
2000 年 2 月,西科以 3.86 亿美元现金收购了 CORT 商业服务公司(“CORT”)。
CORT 是一家历史悠久的公司,是美国家具租赁行业的领导者,其租赁对象无意购买所租家具。业内人称 CORT 的业务为“租-租”,以区别于“租-购”业务,后者本质上是家具的分期付款销售商。
然而,正如赫兹作为短期汽车租赁商必须精通二手车销售一样,CORT 也必须且确实精通二手家具的销售。
CORT 在 2004 日历年的总收入为 3.54 亿美元,而 2003 年为 3.60 亿美元。其中,家具租赁收入分别为 2.75 亿美元和 2.76 亿美元,家具销售收入每年均为 6800 万美元,而 Relocation Central 公司(CORT 于 2001 年创办的企业)的公寓定位服务费分别为 1100 万美元和 1600 万美元。CORT 2004 年的税后利润为 500 万美元;2003 年运营亏损为 630 万美元(税后);2002 年和 2001 年分别为西科的合并营业收入贡献了 240 万美元和 1310 万美元。近期的业绩明显差于 2000 年我们拥有它的十个月里 CORT 实现的 2900 万美元税后营业利润。这些数据是在扣除(1)2001 年 600 万美元和 2000 年 510 万美元的商誉摊销(参见下文讨论),以及(2)2000 年实现的 70 万美元证券亏损之前的数据,但包括了 Relocation Central 的税后亏损:2004 年 740 万美元,2003 年 900 万美元,2002 年 830 万美元,2001 年 700 万美元。扣除 Relocation Central 的营业亏损后,CORT 在母公司层面为西科 2004 年的合并税后营业利润贡献了 1240 万美元,而 2003 年为 270 万美元,2002 年为 1070 万美元。
当我们在 2000 年初收购 CORT 时,其家具租赁业务正快速增长,这反映了当时强劲的美国经济、蓬勃的商业扩张以及 IPO 和高科技行业的爆炸式增长。
然而,从 2000 年底开始,CORT 的新业务开始下降。随着互联网泡沫的破裂、9·11 事件以及新企业成立速度的长期放缓,CORT 的运营遭受重创,这反映了家具租赁业务中“租-租”细分领域普遍糟糕的业绩。显然,当我们收购 CORT 时,我们对家具行业“租-租”细分领域近期行业整体前景的预测非常糟糕。目前看来,CORT 的业务似乎已经开始复苏。2004 年第四季度的家具租赁收入比 2003 年同期增长了 13%,并且在这一年里,未到期的家具租赁合同数量增长了 2%。
CORT 在 2001 年成立了一家新子公司 Relocation Central 公司,通过其网站(www.relocationcentral.com 和 www.myrelocationcentral.com)、客户呼叫中心和现场办事处提供全美最大的公寓定位服务。这家初创企业的进展没有达到 CORT 的预期,导致亏损并随后进行了部分裁员。现在有超过 350 个公寓社区将他们的租户介绍给 CORT。Relocation Central 在 2004 年底重组,成为 CORT 的一个部门;与之前相比,它现在更多地依赖互联网流量,减少了对独立的、人员配备齐全的设施的依赖。Relocation Central 并入 CORT 的工作始于 2003 年,是降低 CORT 成本、从而提升其运营业绩计划的一部分。CORT 仍然看好在其产品组合中加入 relocation 服务的想法。
我们预计在适当的时候会报告 CORT 的运营状况已变得更加令人满意。即使在经济低迷时期,CORT 的现金流也一直为正,并且其所在领域的普遍困境使得它可以进行一些小型扩张。过去四年中,它通过收购几家小企业在业务扩张上投资了 7400 万美元,并减少了 3300 万美元的信用额度和其他债务。CORT 仍然是其市场细分领域的全国领导者,我们相信这些收购将被证明是对一项基本面稳健业务令人满意的扩张。
当西科支付 3.86 亿美元收购 CORT 时,约 60% 的购买价格归因于商誉,这是一项资产负债表上的无形资产。
西科的合并资产负债表目前包含约 2.67 亿美元的商誉(包括来自西科 1996 年收购 KBS 的 2700 万美元)。财务会计准则委员会采用了一项于 2002 年生效的规则,不再要求对收购产生的商誉进行自动摊销。(对此类摊销的要求已由一项标准取代,该标准要求每年进行评估,以确定商誉价值是否发生减值,如果发生减值,则视情况减记或核销该无形资产。)自 2002 年以来,我们报告的利润更贴近我们所评估的微观经济现实。
CORT 长期由 58 岁的保罗·阿诺德领导,他是一位杰出的高管,他长期担任 CORT 首席执行官的经历有力地证明了这一点。我们非常高兴保罗和 CORT 能成为西科的一部分。我们继续期望在未来某个时候,CORT 的业务和利润会显著扩张。
精密钢铁仓库公司(“精密钢铁”)
西科旗下精密钢铁子公司的业务总部位于伊利诺伊州富兰克林公园(芝加哥郊区),2004 年实现税后利润 110 万美元,而 2003 年则为税后亏损 90 万美元。2004 年的数据反映了后进先出法存货会计调整,该调整使税后利润减少了 180 万美元。2003 年的后进先出法调整不显著。精密钢铁 2004 年和 2003 年的经营业绩还反映了 10 万美元的支出
As shown above, operating income includes significant net investment income, representing dividends and interest earned from marketable securities. However, operating income excludes investment gains of $34.8 million, net of income taxes, realized in 2003. No investment gains or losses were realized in 2004. The discussion below will concentrate on insurance underwriting, not on the results from investments. Wes-FIC engages in the reinsurance business, occasionally insuring against loss from rare but horrendous ""super-catastrophes.'' In much reinsurance sold by us, other Berkshire subsidiaries have sold several times as much reinsurance to the same customers on the same terms. In certain instances but not always, such subsidiaries have taken from us a 3%-of-premiums ceding commission on premium volume passed through them to Wes-FIC. Excepting this ceding commission, Wes-FIC has had virtually no insurance-acquisition or insurance administration costs. In some cases, other Berkshire subsidiaries act as reinsurers at higher levels than the level at which Wes-FIC is reinsuring; terms of the reinsurance are considered by Wes-FIC to be fair or advantageous to Wes-FIC. For the past several years Wes-FIC's reinsurance activity has consisted of the participation in two arrangements: (1) Participation in four risk pools managed by an insurance subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, our 80%-owning parent, covering hull, liability, workers' compensation and satellite exposures relating to the aviation industry as follows: with respect to 2001, to the extent of 3% for each pool, with satellite exposures eÅective June 1; for 2002, 13% of the hull and liability pools, increasing to 15.5% in August, and 3% of the workers' compensation pool (satellite exposures were not renewed in June); and, for 2003 and 2004, 10% of the hull and liability pools only. The Berkshire subsidiary provides a portion of the upper-level reinsurance protection to these aviation risk pools, and therefore to Wes-FIC, on terms that could result in the Berkshire subsidiary having a diÅerent interest from that of Wes-FIC under certain conditions, e.g., in settling a large loss. (2) A multi-year contract entered into in 2000 through another Berkshire insurance subsidiary, as intermediary without proÑt, covering certain multi-line property and casualty risks of a large, unaÇliated insurer. This contract was commuted (terminated) in the fourth quarter of 2004, at which time Wes-FIC paid the ceding company $43.1 million, cash, representing all unearned premiums, reduced by unamortized costs and expenses. After the commutation, Wes-FIC's obligation to indemnify any further insurance losses under the contract ceased. Under that contract, there was a net reduction in written premiums of $2.3 million for 2004, compared with written premiums of $30.4 million for 2003; earned premiums were $6.4 million for 2004 and $42.0 million for 2003. Underwriting results of Wes-FIC in both 2004 and 2003 were weirdly favorable, causing the underwriting gains of $14.6 million for 2004 and $15.7 million for 2003. Such weirdly favorable results are not to be expected over the long term. It should be recalled that Wes-FIC reported an underwriting loss of $8.1 million as recently as 2001. However, we do try to create some underwriting gain as results are averaged out over many years. Kansas Bankers was purchased by Wes-FIC in 1996 for approximately $80 million in cash. Its tangible net worth now exceeds its acquisition price, and it has been a very satisfactory acquisition, reÖecting the sound management of President Don Towle and his team. Kansas Bankers was chartered in 1909 to underwrite deposit insurance for Kansas banks. Its oÇces are in Topeka, Kansas. Over the years its service has continued to adapt to the changing needs of the banking industry. Today its customer base, consisting mostly of small and medium-sized community banks, is spread throughout 30 mainly midwestern states. In addition to bank deposit guaranty bonds which insure deposits in excess of FDIC coverage, KBS oÅers directors and oÇcers indemnity policies, bank employment practices policies, bank insurance agents professional errors and omissions indemnity policies and Internet banking catastrophe theft insurance. KBS increased the volume of business retained eÅective in 1998. It had previously ceded almost half of its premium volume to reinsurers. Now it reinsures only about 14%. The increased volume of business retained comes, of course, with increased irregularity in the income stream. The combined ratio of an insurance company represents the percentage that its underwriting losses and expenses bear to its premium revenues. KBS's combined ratio has been much better than average for insurers, at 74.9% for 2004 and 65.0% for 2003. We continue to expect volatile but favorable long-term eÅects from increased insurance retained. CORT Business Services Corporation (""CORT'') In February 2000, Wesco purchased CORT Business Services Corporation (""CORT'') for $386 million in cash. CORT is a very long established company that is the country's leader in rentals of furniture that lessees have no intention of buying. In the trade, people call CORT's activity ""rent-to-rent'' to distinguish it from ""lease-to-purchase'' businesses that are, in essence, installment sellers of furniture. However, just as Hertz, as a rent-to-rent auto lessor in short-term arrangements, must be skilled in selling used cars, CORT must be and is skilled in selling used furniture. CORT's revenues totaled $354 million for calendar 2004, versus $360 million for calendar 2003. Of these amounts, furniture rental revenues were $275 million and $276 million, furniture sales revenues were $68 million each year, and apartment locator fees of Relocation Central Corporation, a business CORT started up in 2001, were $11 million and $16 million. CORT operated at an after-tax proÑt of $5.0 million for 2004; its operations resulted in an after-tax loss of $6.3 million for 2003; it contributed $2.4 million and $13.1 million to Wesco's consolidated operating income for 2002 and 2001. Recent results have been signiÑcantly worse than CORT's $29 million of after-tax operating proÑts for the ten months that we owned it in 2000. The Ñgures are before (1) goodwill amortization of $6.0 million for 2001 and $5.1 million for 2000 (see discussion below), and (2) realized securities losses of $.7 million in 2000, but include Relocation Central's after-tax losses of $7.4 million for 2004, $9.0 million for 2003, $8.3 million for 2002 and $7.0 million for 2001. Excluding the operating losses of Relocation Central, CORT, at the parent company level, contributed $12.4 million to Wesco's consolidated after-tax operating earnings for 2004, versus $2.7 million for 2003 and $10.7 million for 2002. When we purchased CORT early in 2000, its furniture rental business was rapidly growing, reÖecting the strong U.S. economy, phenomenal business expansion and explosive growth of IPOs and the high-tech sector. Beginning late in 2000, however, new business coming into CORT began to decline. With the burst of the dot-com bubble, the events of September 11, and a protracted slowdown in new business formation, CORT's operations have been hammered, reÖecting generally bad results in the ""rent-to-rent'' segment of the furniture rental business. Obviously, when we purchased CORT we were poor predictors of near-term industry-wide prospects of the ""rent-to- rent'' sector of the furniture business. It now appears that CORT's business has begun to rebound. Furniture rental revenues for the fourth quarter of 2004 exceeded those for the comparable quarter of 2003 by 13%, and, during the year the number of furniture leases outstanding grew by 2%. CORT started up a new subsidiary during 2001, Relocation Central Corporation, which provides the nation's largest apartment locator service through its websites, (www.relocationcentral.com and www.myrelocationcentral.com), customer call centers and walk-in locations. This start-up venture did not progress as rapidly as CORT expected and caused losses followed by some downsizing. More than 350 apartment communities now refer their tenants to CORT. Relocation Central was reorganized to become a division of CORT as of yearend 2004; it now relies more on Internet traÇc and less on separate, fully-staÅed facilities than previously. The integration of Relocation Central into CORT was begun in 2003 as part of a program to reduce CORT's costs and thus enhance its operating results. CORT still likes the idea of having relocation services in its product mix. We expect to report in due course that CORT's operations have become more satisfactory. Even through the crash, CORT has operated at a positive cash flow, and the general distress in its field has permitted various small expansions. During the past four years it invested $74 million in business expansion through acquisitions of several small businesses and reduced its line-of-credit and other debt by $33 million. CORT remains the national leader in its market segment and we believe that these acquisitions will prove to be satisfactory expansions of a fundamentally sound business. When Wesco paid $386 million for CORT, about 60% of the purchase price was attributable to goodwill, an intangible balance sheet asset. Wesco's consolidated balance sheet now contains about $267 million in goodwill (including $27 million from Wesco's 1996 purchase of KBS). The Financial Accounting Standards Board adopted a rule which became effective in 2002 that no longer requires automatic amortization of acquired goodwill. (The requirement for such amortization has been replaced by a standard that requires an annual assessment to determine whether the value of goodwill has been impaired, in which event the intangible would be written down or written off, as appropriate.) Earnings we have reported since 2002 more closely reflect microeconomic reality as we appraise it. CORT has long been headed by Paul Arnold, age 58, who is a star executive as is convincingly demonstrated by his long record as CEO of CORT. We are absolutely delighted to have Paul and CORT within Wesco. We continue to expect a considerable expansion of CORT's business and earnings at some future time. Precision Steel Warehouse, Inc. (""Precision Steel'') The businesses of Wesco's Precision Steel subsidiary, headquartered in the outskirts of Chicago at Franklin Park, Illinois, operated at an after-tax proÑt of $1.1 million in 2004, versus an after-tax loss of $.9 million in 2003. The 2004 Ñgure reÖects an after-tax LIFO inventory accounting adjustment decreasing after-tax income by $1.8 million. In 2003 the LIFO adjustment was insigniÑcant. Precision Steel's operating results for 2004 and 2003 also reÖect expenses of $.1 million and
21.7 万美元(税后),用于清理一家工业园区的环境——精密钢铁公司的一家子公司曾在该园区与大约 15 家其他制造商共同运营多年。如果没有 LIFO 会计调整或环境问题,精密钢铁 2004 年将报告 300 万美元的税后经营利润,而 2003 年则是 21.7 万美元的税后经营亏损。
2004 年之前,精密钢铁公司长期遭受钢铁需求大幅下降和竞争加剧的双重打击。部分销售减少是由其客户(或前客户)在与美国境外制造商的竞争中失败导致的。尽管 2004 年的数据似乎显示出改善迹象,但国内业务低迷的严重程度体现在:精密钢铁 2001 年至 2003 年的年均钢铁服务收入比 1998 年至 2000 年下降了 27%。即使 2004 年业绩有所改善,精密钢铁近年来的经营业绩仍不理想。其最近四年的税后经营业绩大致盈亏平衡,远不及 1998 年至 2000 年间年均 230 万美元的税后经营利润。
精密钢铁在 2004 年经历了一个艰难而混乱的年份。年初,国内钢厂原材料短缺,导致国内钢铁服务行业近乎混乱。原材料价格大幅上涨,成钢价格也随之急剧攀升。幸运的是,迄今为止对精密钢铁的影响是有利的。其 2004 年收入较 2003 年增长了 31.2%;销售的钢铁产品磅数增加了 14.5%。目前,国内钢厂满负荷运转,进口钢铁供应紧张。这些因素以及其他因素使得钢厂能够提高价格、限制订单量并延长交货时间。精密钢铁对此的应对措施是将涨价加上正常加价转嫁给客户,并优先维护长期客户关系。然而,我们担心 2004 年的良好经营业绩可能只是异常和暂时的,钢铁仓储业务可能重回艰难时期。
特里·派珀于 1999 年末出任精密钢铁总裁兼首席执行官,他在领导公司度过极其艰难的岁月方面表现出色。
储蓄与贷款时代的遗留资产
作为西科金融曾参与其长期持有的储蓄与贷款子公司 Mutual Savings 的遗留产物,在西科金融体系内但 Wes-FIC 之外的所有剩余资产,现在只剩下一个名为 MS Property Company 的小型房地产子公司,它持有账面净值约 860 万美元的增值房地产资产,主要包括位于帕萨迪纳市中心的一栋九层商业办公楼(西科金融总部所在地)。MS Property Company 的经营业绩相对于西科金融目前的规模而言微不足道,已包含在第 1 页“其他经营利润”的利润分类中。
$.7 million, after taxes, in connection with environmental cleanup of an industrial park where a Precision Steel subsidiary has operated alongside approximately 15 other manufacturers for many years. Had it not been for the LIFO accounting adjustment or the environmental matter, Precision Steel would have reported operating income of $3.0 million, after taxes, for 2004, versus an operating loss of $.2 million, after taxes, for 2003. Prior to 2004, Precision Steel suÅered from a signiÑcant reduction in demand for steel combined with intensiÑed competition for quite some time. Some of the sales reduction was caused by customers' (or former customers') unsuccessful competition with manufacturers outside the United States. Although the 2004 Ñgures appear to signal improvement, the severity of the domestic downturn is demonstrated by the fact that Precision Steel's average annual steel service revenues for the years 2001 through 2003 were down 27% from those reported for 1998 through 2000. Even after improved 2004 results, Precision Steel has not reported satisfactory operating results in recent years. Its approximately-break-even after-tax operations for the most recent four years compare unfavorably with operating proÑts which averaged $2.3 million, after taxes, for the years 1998 through 2000. Precision Steel endured a diÇcult and chaotic year in 2004. At the beginning of 2004, a shortage of raw materials from domestic mills produced near chaos in the domestic steel service industry. Prices of those raw materials were sharply increased and the price of Ñnished steel also increased sharply. Fortunately, the impact to date on Precision Steel has been favorable. Its 2004 revenues increased 31.2%, from those of 2003; pounds of steel products sold increased 14.5%. At present, domestic steel mills have been operating at capacity and imported steel has not been readily available. These and other factors have enabled steel mills to raise prices, place limits on order quantities and extend delivery times. Precision Steel has reacted to these pressures by passing the price increases, plus normal mark-ups, on to customers, and favoring long-term customer relationships. However, we are concerned that the favorable 2004 operating results may have been anomalous and temporary and that the steel warehouse business may revert to diÇcult times. Terry Piper, who became Precision Steel's President and Chief Executive OÇcer late in 1999, has done an outstanding job in leading Precision Steel through very diÇcult years. Tag Ends from Savings and Loan Days All that now remains outside Wes-FIC but within Wesco as a consequence of Wesco's former involvement with Mutual Savings, Wesco's long-held savings and loan subsidiary, is a small real estate subsidiary, MS Property Company, that holds tag ends of appreciated real estate assets with a net book value of about $8.6 million, consisting mainly of the nine-story commercial oÇce building in downtown Pasadena, where Wesco is headquartered. MS Property Company's results of operations, immaterial versus Wesco's present size, are included in the breakdown of earnings on page 1 within ""other operating earnings.''
其他经营利润
2004 年,其他经营利润(已扣除利息支出和总公司费用)为 40 万美元,与 2003 年的 40 万美元持平。来源包括:(1) 西科金融位于帕萨迪纳的办公楼租金收入(2004 年毛租金为 340 万美元,该大楼几乎全部出租给外部租户,一楼租户是花旗银行);(2) 保险子公司以外持有的现金等价物和有价证券的利息及股息收入;减去 (3) 总公司费用及少量涉及尾端房地产的杂项开支。
合并资产负债表及相关讨论
西科金融在其合并资产负债表中,按市值记录投资,未实现增值(已扣除所得税影响)作为股东权益的一个单独组成部分列入,相关税款则计入应付所得税。如随附财务报表所示,按会计师惯例计算,西科金融的净资产从 2003 年底的 20.8 亿美元(每股西科股票 292 美元)增至 2004 年底的 21.2 亿美元(每股西科股票 297 美元)。增加的主要原因是扣除已支付给股东的股息后的净收益。
上述每股 297 美元的账面价值,假设西科金融的所有非证券资产在税后按账面价值清算,近似于清算价值。当然,只要西科金融不清算,也不出售任何已增值的证券,它实际上就从政府那里获得了一笔相当于其未实现收益递延所得税的无息“贷款”,这笔贷款在计算净资产时已被扣除。这笔来自政府的无息“贷款”目前正为西科金融的股东效力,2004 年底每股西科股票约为 32 美元。然而,总有一天,随着证券的出售,部分无息“贷款”会被取消。因此,西科金融的股东并不能永久享有每股 32 美元的价值优势。相反,西科金融股东优势的现值,从逻辑上讲,必然远低于每股 32 美元。
综合各方面因素来看,西科金融目前所拥有的业务和人才素质,仍远不及伯克希尔·哈撒韦。西科金融并非一个同样优秀但规模更小的伯克希尔·哈撒韦,更不会因为规模小就更容易实现增长而变得更好。相反,西科金融每 1 美元的账面价值,所对应的内在价值,显然仍比伯克希尔·哈撒韦的每 1 美元账面价值要低得多。而且,近年来,账面价值内在品质上的这种差距,还在持续朝着有利于伯克希尔·哈撒韦的方向扩大。
话虽如此,我们并不试图根据当前股票市场行情,来评估西科金融股票相对于伯克希尔·哈撒韦股票的投资吸引力。要从此处出发取得令人满意的进展,西科金融显然需要更多其管理层能够识别出的有利投资机会,最好是收购整个公司,或者,也可以由西科金融的保险子公司购买有价证券。我们对普通股投资总体前景的看法,与两年前沃伦·巴菲特在致母公司股东 2002 年年报中所写的内容并无二致:
“我们仍然很少操作股票。我们对主要投资对象的持仓越来越感到安心,因为其中大部分公司的盈利在增加,而它们的估值却在下降。但我们无意增持这些股票。尽管这些企业前景不错,我们却并不认为它们的股价被低估了。”
“在我们看来,同样的结论也适用于整个股市。尽管连续三年的下跌,大大提升了普通股的吸引力,但我们仍然发现极少有股票能引起我们哪怕一丁点的兴趣。这一令人沮丧的事实,证明了在‘大泡沫’期间形成的估值是多么疯狂。不幸的是,宿醉的程度很可能与狂饮的程度成正比。”
“我们今天对股票的厌恶,绝非与生俱来。我们热爱持有普通股——只要能够以有吸引力的价格买入。在我 61 年的投资生涯中,大约有 50 年提供了这类机会。将来还会有这样的年份。但是,除非我们看到税前回报率至少有 10%(相当于公司税后 6.5% 到 7%)的极高概率,否则我们会选择观望。在短期资金税后回报率不到 1% 的时候,袖手旁观可没什么乐趣。但有时候,成功的投资恰恰需要无所作为。”
事实上,就 2004 年而言,最应引起西科金融股东关注的一件事是,与 2003 年、2002 年和 2001 年一样,西科金融并未为我们的保险公司找到任何值得买入的新普通股。
股东们应注意,吉列公司(The Gillette Company)最近宣布将被宝洁公司(The Procter and Gamble Company)收购(交易有待 2005 年晚些时候获得股东批准),预计将使西科金融确认约 1.9 亿美元的税后投资收益。这笔交易无需缴纳现金税款,西科金融持有的全部吉列股票将转换为宝洁股票。尽管我们很高兴能成为宝洁公司的股东,但我们并不认为这笔“纯粹的会计”收益对西科金融的股东有什么重要意义。
董事会近期将西科金融的定期股息从每股 34.5 美分提高到每股 35.5 美分,将于 2005 年 3 月 2 日支付给 2005 年 2 月 2 日营业结束时登记在册的股东。
本年度报告包含向美国证券交易委员会提交的 10-K 表格,其中详细介绍了西科金融及其子公司的信息,以及附有大量脚注的经审计财务报表。一如既往,恳请您仔细关注这些内容。
股东可以通过西科金融的网站 www.wescofinancial.com 获取大量西科金融的相关信息,包括印刷版年报、盈余公告、提交给 SEC 的文件,以及西科金融子公司和母公司伯克希尔·哈撒韦的网站。
我们对西科金融总裁鲍勃·伯德(Bob Bird)即将退休、不再寻求连任感到遗憾。实际上,35 年来他一直是我们的合伙人,他提供的服务始终明智而勤勉。
Other Operating Earnings Other operating earnings, net of interest paid and general corporate expenses, amounted to $.4 million in 2004, unchanged from the $.4 million earned in 2003. Sources were (1) rents ($3.4 million gross in 2004) from Wesco's Pasadena oÇce property (leased almost entirely to outsiders, including Citibank as the ground Öoor tenant), and (2) interest and dividends from cash equivalents and marketable securities held outside the insurance subsidiaries, less (3) general corporate expenses plus minor expenses involving tag-end real estate. Consolidated Balance Sheet and Related Discussion Wesco carries its investments at market value, with unrealized appreciation, after income tax eÅect, included as a separate component of shareholders' equity, and related taxes included in income taxes payable, in its consolidated balance sheet. As indicated in the accompanying Ñnancial statements, Wesco's net worth, as accountants compute it under their conventions, increased to $2.12 billion ($297 per Wesco share) at yearend 2004 from $2.08 billion ($292 per Wesco share) at yearend 2003. The main cause of increase was net income after deduction of dividends paid to shareholders. The foregoing $297-per-share book value approximates liquidation value assuming that all Wesco's non-security assets would liquidate, after taxes, at book value. Of course, so long as Wesco does not liquidate, and does not sell any appreciated securities, it has, in effect, an interest-free ""loan'' from the government equal to its deferred income taxes on the unrealized gains, subtracted in determining its net worth. This interest-free ""loan'' from the government is at this moment working for Wesco shareholders and amounted to about $32 per Wesco share at yearend 2004. However, some day, parts of the interest-free ""loan'' may be removed as securities are sold. Therefore, Wesco's shareholders have no perpetual advantage creating value for them of $32 per Wesco share. Instead, the present value of Wesco's shareholders' advantage must logically be much lower than $32 per Wesco share. Business and human quality in place at Wesco continues to be not nearly as good, all factors considered, as that in place at Berkshire Hathaway. Wesco is not an equally-good-but-smaller version of Berkshire Hathaway, better because its small size makes growth easier. Instead, each dollar of book value at Wesco continues plainly to provide much less intrinsic value than a similar dollar of book value at Berkshire Hathaway. Moreover, the quality disparity in book value's intrinsic merits has, in recent years, continued to widen in favor of Berkshire Hathaway. All that said, we make no attempt to appraise relative attractiveness for investment of Wesco versus Berkshire Hathaway stock at present stock-market quotations. To progress from this point at a satisfactory rate, Wesco plainly needs more favorable investment opportunities, recognizable as such by its management, preferably in whole companies, but, alternatively, in marketable securities to be purchased by Wesco's insurance subsidiaries. Our views regarding the general prospects for investment in common stocks are unchanged two years after Warren BuÅett wrote the following, in his 2002 annual report to shareholders of our parent company: ""We continue to do little in equities. ®We© are increasingly comfortable with our holdings in ®our© major investees because most of them have increased their earnings while their valuations have decreased. But we are not inclined to add to them. Though these enterprises have good prospects, we don't yet believe their shares are undervalued. ""In our view, the same conclusion Ñts stocks generally. Despite three years of falling prices, which have signiÑcantly improved the attractiveness of common stocks, we still Ñnd very few that even mildly interest us. That dismal fact is testimony to the insanity of valuations reached during The Great Bubble. Unfortunately, the hangover may prove to be proportional to the binge. ""The aversion to equities that ®we© exhibit today is far from congenital. We love owning common stocks Ì if they can be purchased at attractive prices. In ®my© 61 years of investing, 50 or so years have offered that kind of opportunity. There will be years like that again. Unless, however, we see a very high probability of at least 10% pre-tax returns (which translates to 61/2-7% after corporate tax), we will sit on the sidelines. With short-term money returning less than 1% after-tax, sitting it out is no fun. But occasionally successful investing requires inactivity.'' In fact, the one thing that should interest Wesco shareholders most with respect to 2004 is that, as in 2003, 2002 and 2001, Wesco found no new common stocks for our insurance companies to buy. Shareholders should note that the recently announced sale of The Gillette Company to The Procter and Gamble Company, subject to shareholder approval later in 2005, is expected to result in Wesco's recognition of an investment gain of about $190 million, after income taxes. No income taxes will be paid in cash, and all of Wesco's Gillette shares will be converted into Procter and Gamble shares. Although we will be pleased to become owners of shares of Procter and Gamble, we do not regard this ""mere accounting'' gain as signiÑcant to Wesco shareholders. The Board of Directors recently increased Wesco's regular dividend from 341/2 cents per share to 351/2 cents per share, payable March 2, 2005, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 2, 2005. This annual report contains Form 10-K, a report Ñled with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and includes detailed information about Wesco and its subsidiaries as well as audited Ñnancial statements bearing extensive footnotes. As usual, your careful attention is sought with respect to these items. Shareholders can access much Wesco information, including printed annual reports, earnings releases, SEC Ñlings, and the websites of Wesco's subsidiaries and parent, Berkshire Hathaway, from Wesco's website: www.wescoÑnancial.com. We regret the pending retirement of Wesco's President, Bob Bird, who is not standing for reelection. He has been, in eÅect, my partner for over 35 years and has never failed in giving wise and diligent service.
查理·T·芒格
董事会主席
2005 年 3 月 9 日
Charles T. Munger Chairman of the Board March 9, 2005